Regulation of Fluids, Chemical, and Nervous Control

• Osmoregulation - All animals (and plants) need to regulate body fluids.
• Osmoregulation - All animals (and plants) need to regulate body fluids.
• All animals (and plants) need to regulate body fluids. Failure to do so leads to hydration or dehydration of the tissue cells with fatal consequences.
• All animals (and plants) need to regulate body fluids. Failure to do so leads to hydration or dehydration of the tissue cells with fatal consequences.
• Body fluids are liquids that originate from inside the bodies of organisms. They include fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body.
• Body fluids are liquids that originate from inside the bodies of organisms. They include fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body.
• Body fluids are liquids that originate from inside the bodies of organisms. They include fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body.
• Osmoregulation is the control of the osmotic pressure of body fluids of an organism to preserve the homeostasis of the body's water content; that is, it regulates the fluid equilibrium and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution) to prevent the fluids from being too diluted or too concentrated.
• Osmoregulation is the control of the osmotic pressure of body fluids of an organism to preserve the homeostasis of the body's water content; that is, it regulates the fluid equilibrium and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution) to prevent the fluids from being too diluted or too concentrated.
• Osmoregulation is the control of the osmotic pressure of body fluids of an organism to preserve the homeostasis of the body's water content; that is, it regulates the fluid equilibrium and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution) to prevent the fluids from being too diluted or too concentrated.
• Osmoregulation is the control of the osmotic pressure of body fluids of an organism to preserve the homeostasis of the body's water content; that is, it regulates the fluid equilibrium and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution) to prevent the fluids from being too diluted or too concentrated.
• electrolytes (salts in solution)
• Osmoconformers are species that attempt to balance the osmolarity of their bodies with their surroundings.
• Osmoconformers are species that attempt to balance the osmolarity of their bodies with their surroundings.
• Osmoconformers sustain the same osmotic pressure within the body as outside the body. They adhere by active or passive means.
• Osmoconformers sustain the same osmotic pressure within the body as outside the body. They adhere by active or passive means.
• Most aquatic invertebrates, such as starfish, jellyfish, and lobsters, are osmoconformers.
• Most aquatic invertebrates, such as starfish, jellyfish, and lobsters, are osmoconformers.
• Most aquatic invertebrates, such as starfish, jellyfish, and lobsters, are osmoconformers.
• Osmoregulators are species that actively control their osmotic pressure, regardless of the external environment.
• Many vertebrates, including humans, are osmoregulatory.
• Many vertebrates, including humans, are osmoregulatory.
• Many vertebrates, including humans, are osmoregulatory.
• Many freshwater fish are also known to be osmoregulatory.
• Many freshwater fish are also known to be osmoregulatory.
• Plants use stomata on the lower side of their leaves to control water loss.
• Plants developing in hydrated soils compensate for water depletion by transpiration by absorbing more water from the soil.
• Plants that thrive in semi-arid areas retain water in the vacuoles and have dense, fleshy cuticles to avoid lack of water.
• Plants that thrive in semi-arid areas retain water in the vacuoles and have dense, fleshy cuticles  to avoid lack of water.
• Plants developing in hydrated soils compensate for water depletion by  transpiration by absorbing more water from the soil.
• Freshwater fish are hypertonic to the surrounding environment, which means that the concentration of salt in their blood is greater than that of the surrounding water.
• Freshwater fish are hypertonic to the surrounding environment, which means that the concentration of salt in their blood is greater than that of the surrounding water.
• They consume a regulated volume of water through the mouth and membranes of the gill.
• Salt is supplemented by mitochondrial-rich cells in the gills.
• Salt is supplemented by mitochondrial-rich cells in the gills.
• Salt is supplemented by mitochondrial-rich cells in the gills.
• Mitochondrial-rich cells absorb salt from the surrounding water into the blood.
• Marine fish have a greater percentage of water in their blood than the environment. 
• Marine fish drink vast volumes of water and limit urination. Other extra energy consumption often occurs when these species constantly need to remove salt from the body through the gills.
• Marine fish drink vast volumes of water and limit urination. Other extra energy consumption often occurs when these species constantly need to remove salt from the body through the gills.