DNA and Inheritance

• What is DNA

  Double stranded polymer of nucleotides which form a double helix
• What does each strand of DNA consist of?

  Sugar and Phosphate Molecules
• What are Sugars and Phosphate joined by?

  A pair of bases
• The 4 Bases

  A (adenine), T (thymine), C (cylosine) and G (guanine)
• What does each base pair with?

  A pairs with T, and C pairs of G
• What is a gene?


  A section of DNA, it codes for a protein
• Triplets


  A sequence of 3 bases, in a gene form a triplet
• What does each triplet code for?

  Amino Acid
• What does the order of the amino acid determine?

  The structure and function of the protein formed
• What is genetic profiling?

  Is a method of comparing DNA
• Method of Genetic Profiling

  1. Sample of cells collected 2. DNA extracted from cells 3. DNA sample cut into fragments using enzymes 4. Fragments separated into bands, creating a genetic profile
• What can the patterns of the bands be compared to?

  View similarities in the DNA sequences
• Genetic profiling can be used for?

  Paternity testing, Forensics, Classification, Detecting Genes
• What is a Allele?

  A version of a gene
• What is a Dominant?

  Describes an allele that is always expressed. It is represented with a capital letter
• What is a Recessive?


  An allele that is only expressed in the absence of a dominant allele. Represented with a small letter
• What is a Homozygous?

  2 identical alleles of a gene? e.g FF or ff
• What is a Heterozygous?

  2 different alleles of a gene e.g Ff
• What is a Genotype?

  Organism genetics composition, describes an allele
• What is a Phenotype?

  Organism observable characteristics
• What is a F1 generation?

  First generation in genetic cross- produces offspring when 2 organisms interbreed
• What is a F2 generation?

  Second generation is a genetic cross- produced offspring when 2 organisms from F1 generation are bred together
• What is a Selfing


  Artificial method of self-pollinating plants