Biology

• carbohydrates


  this are organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
• One gram of ____________ provides four food calories or 16 kJ of energy

  carbohydrates
• carbohydrates


  these are examples of macromolecules
• polymers


  these are chainlike molecules
• glycosidic linkage


  a covalent bond formed between 2 monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction
• Polysaccharides


  many sugars
• monosaccharides


  simple sugars
• disaccharides


  sucrose, lactose, maltose
• Hydrolysis


  A chemical process that splits a molecule by adding water.
• Monosaccharides are


  glucose, fructose, galactose
• polysaccharides are


  starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin, peptidoglycan
• Disaccharides are


  sucrose, lactose, maltose
• monosaccharide


  major celular nutrient
• disaccharide


  energy source
• polysaccharide


  storage material for important monosaccharides
• polysaccharide


  structural material for the cell or entire organisms
• monosaccharides


  may have 3-7 carbon in the skeletons
• disaccharides


  forms when a glycosidic linkage forms between 2 monosaccharides
• polysaccharides


  forms when hundreds to thousands of monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkages
• Lipids are


  a class of large biomolecules that are not formed through polymerization
• fats


  energy storage, cushioning of vital organs, insulation
• Phospolipids


  major component of cell membranes
• steroids and sterols


  this regulates fluidity of cell membrane
• steroids and sterols


  emulsification of fats during digestion
• steroids and sterols


  characterized by a C skeleton with 4 fused rings
• proteins


  Chains of amino acids
• peptide bond


  covalent bond formed between amino acids
• depeptide


  2 amino acids bonded by a peptide bond
• tripeptide


  3 amino acids bonded together
• Polypeptide


  A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
• Hemogoblin


  A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
• enzymes


  Proteins that speed up chemical reactions
• Holoenzyme


  apoenzyme + cofactor
• nucleic acids


  DNA and RNA
• dna


  deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
• rna


  A single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic messages