Fertilisers

• Plants require nutrients, including compounds containing...

  ...Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium (N,P, K)
• Fertilisers are...

  ...soluble substances which replace elements that are essential for healthy plant growth back to the soil
• Ammonia is a...

  ...pungent, clear, colourless gas which dissolves in water to produce an alkaline solution
• Ammonia has the formula...


  NH₃
• Ammonium has the formula...


  NH₄+
• Ammonia solutions react with acids to form...

  ...soluble salts
• Ammonia + nitric acid →

  ammonium nitrate + water
• Ammonia + sulfuric acid →


  ammonium sulfate + water
• Ammonia + hydrochloric acid →

  ammonium chloride + water
• Haber Process


  Industrial process used to produce ammonia.
• The reactants of the Haber process are...

  ...hydrogen and nitrogen
• The catalyst used in the Haber process is...

  Iron
• Ammonia is the starting material for the production of...

  ...nitric acid
• A moderate temperature is used in the Haber process so that...


  the reaction is not too slow and the backward reaction doesn't become too dominant.
• Ostwald Process


  Industrial process for the manufacture of nitric acid
• The starting materials for the Ostwald process are...

  ...ammonia, water, and oxygen
• The catalyst used in the Ostwald process is...

  ...platinum
• Formula for ammonium hydroxide...


  ...NH₄OH
• The Ostwald process is an ______________ __________, so once the reaction is started the heat can be removed and the catalyst will continue to glow red hot.

  exothermic reaction
• A reversible reaction is shown by what


  reversible arrows show reaction goes in both directions at same time

  
• Name the type of chemical reaction that makes fertilisers.

  Neutralisation
• ammonia gas turns moist pH paper what colour?

  blue - ammonia is an alkaline gas
• State why calcium phosphate cannot be used as a fertiliser.

  It's insoluble - fertilisers must be soluble
• Calculate the percentage of potassium in potassium nitrate (KNO3)

  33.3%
• Calculate the percentage of nitrogen in ammonium chloride (NH4Cl).

  26.2%
• Qualitative tests are used to


  detect the presence or absence of a particular chemical
• Quantitative tests are used to

  calculate actual quantities of a chemical in a sample.
• Name 3 qualitative tests and what they are used for

  bromine water for saturation, iodine for starch, flame tests for metals, precipitation reaction, gas tests
• Name 1 quantitative technique you have studied

  titrations
• Which formula do I use in a titration calculation?

  n= c x v is used twice along with the mole ratio
• What is the formula for nitric acid?

  HNO3
• What is the test for oxygen gas?

  Oxygen relights a glowing splint
• What is the test for hydrogen gas?

  A lit splint will make a squeaky pop
• What is the test for carbon dioxide gas?

  Will turn limewater cloudy
• Name the 2 gases that are reactants in the Ostwald process?

  ammonia and oxygen
• Identify the compound, when dissolved in water, will form a precipitate with barium chloride solution. Use the data book.

  K2SO43 multiple choice options