Bjc science

• Health


  A state of complete physical, mental, and emotional well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
• Physical health


  When your body is functioning as it is designed to function
• Mental health


  A state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to contribute to his or her community
• Emotional health


  The psychological state of a person. An emotionally healthy person has excellent self-esteem and can express thoughts and feelings correctly
• Characteristics of a healthy person

  • Being free from disease
  • Having close friends and family
  • Living a long and happy life
  • Maintaining a healthy body weight
  • Not normally feeling tired or stressed
  • Engaging in frequent exercise
  • Satisfied with his or her job or occupation
• Maintaining health


  1. Balanced diet

  2. Exercise

  3. Proper hygiene

  4. Conflict resolution skills

  5. Stress management

  6. Rest and relaxation

  7. Healthy environment
• Disease


  Any disorder in the body caused by some unnatural or harmful agent, resulting in part or the whole body not functioning
• Diseases


  • AIDS (HIV; constant fatigue, sudden weight loss, diarrhea, persistent skin rash, loss of appetite, swollen lymph glands)
  • Influenza/Flu (Influenza virus; fever, headache, muscle pain)
  • Chicken Pox (Varicella zoster virus; mild fever, itchy skin, rash with blisters)
• Diseases can be prevented by practicing proper hygiene in our daily activities
• Health Science is the study of the human body, its structure and function, ways to take care of it, and common diseases or disorders that plague it
• Jobs related to Health Science

  • Dentist (cares for and treats diseases of the teeth)
  • Nurse (assists the doctor in caring for sick persons)
  • Doctor (cares for and treats sick people)
  • Surgeon (performs operations on sick and injured persons)
  • Pediatrician (cares for and treats children and babies)
  • Gynecologist (cares for and examines women)
  • Psychiatrist (cares for mentally ill persons)
  • Dietician (prepares and suggests healthy meals for people)
  • Public Health Inspector (examines and cleans our environment)
• Animal Cells


  Cells that are part of an animal organism
• Parts of a Typical Animal Cell

  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondrion
• Cells are the smallest unit of all living organisms and are known as the building blocks of life
• Unicellular


  Organisms made up of just one cell
• Multicellular


  Organisms made up of many cells
• Whether the organism is unicellular or multicellular, its cell(s) exhibit the seven characteristics of living things (MERRING)
• Cell/Plasma Membrane


  A very thin layer surrounding the cell that controls what enters and leaves the cell. It is semi-permeable.
• Nucleus


  Usually found in the center of a typical animal cell and is known as the brain of the cell - it controls all the cell's activities. It contains chromosomes which carry genetic information.
• Cytoplasm


  A jelly-like material that gives the cell its shape and holds cellular organelles
• Mitochondrion


  The powerhouse of the cell, producing energy for the cell by the process of respiration
• Organelle


  Functional structures within the cell, usually enclosed by a membrane
• Structural Levels of Body Organization

  • Cell
  • Tissue
  • Organ
  • Organ System
  • Organism
• Simple specialized cells come together to ultimately build complex multicellular organisms
• Build-up from simple to complex

  1. Cell

  2. Tissue

  3. Organ

  4. Organ System

  5. Organism
• Cell


  The basic functional unit of life
• Tissue


  Groups of similar cells which carry out a specific function
• Tissue examples


  • Blood (contains red blood cells, white blood cells)
  • Sensory Nerve Tissue (contains sensory nerves/neurons)
  • Smooth Muscle Tissue (contains smooth muscle cells)

  
• Simple tissues can have cells of the same kind (smooth muscle) while more complex tissues may be composed of several kinds of cells (blood)
• Major types of tissue

  • Epithelial
  • Muscle
  • Nerve
  • Skeletal
  • Connective
• Organ


  A group of tissues which work together to carry out a specific function
• Organ examples


  • Stomach
  • Intestines
  • Liver
  • Kidneys
• Organ System


  A group of organs that work together to carry out a specific function
• Organ system examples


  • Digestive system (stomach, pancreas, liver, intestines)

  
• Organism


  The complete individual made up of all the organ systems in the body; the single individual of a species
• Human Skeletal System


  • Structure and Function

  
• Lesson Objectives


  • Describe the five main functions of the human skeletal system
  • Identify the structures (major bones) of the human skeletal system on a diagram
  • Match the common name of a bone to its scientific/biological name

  
• Skeletal System


  • The adult human skeleton is made up of 206 bones, while babies have 300 bones that fuse as they grow
  • The largest bone is the femur, and the smallest is the stirrup bone in the ear

  
• Skeletal System


  • The bones fit together to form a framework held in place by ligaments
  • Works with the muscular system to enable movement
• Functions of the Skeletal System


  • Supports the body
  • Causes movement
  • Provides protection
  • Produces blood cells
  • Is a source of mineral ions