Hardy Weinberg equilibrium

• A gene pool refers to the combination of all the genes (including alleles) present in a reproducing population or species.
• Hardy Weinberg principle which serves as a mathematical null hypothesis for the study of evolutionary process
• What can we use to see if evolution occurred?

  HWE
• what is the formula for allele frequencies?

  p+q=1
• What is the formula for genotype frequencies?

  p2+2pq+p2=1
• What is random mating?

  when gametes from the gene pool combine at random. Since individuals are not allowed to choose their mate.
• What is non-random mating?

  Not all individuals in a population have equal probabilities of mating than would be predicted by random chance

  one member of a population is not equally likely to mate with another as would be expected by chance encounters. (positive or negative assortative mating).
• inbreeding is the mating of close relatives in species that are normally outbreeding.
• Heterozygous means two different allele, Tt
• Homozygous means 2 same allele , tt
• The Weinberg principle can serve as a null hypothesis in the evolutionary studies because it predicts what genotype and allele frequencies are expected if mating is random with respect to the gene in question and if none of the four Evoluntiontary process is operating on that gene
• What are the assumptions of the HWE?

  no mutation, no selection, no gene flow, no drift, random mating
• what does no mutation mean?

  alleles do not mutate into other alleles?
• What does no selection mean?

  heritable variation never affects reproductive alleles
• What does no gene flow mean?

  individuals do not enter or leave the population
• when the environment changes, the allele frequencies change does that mean evolution has occurred?

  yes
• what is evolution?

  a change in allele frequencies