First Aid

• First Aid - Is immediate help provided to a sick or injured persons until professional medical help arrives or become available.
• Disease Transmission - Infectious disease are those that can spread from one person to another through the following ways:

  1. Direct Contact
  2. Indirect Contact
  3. Airborne transmission
  4. Bites
• Primary Assessment

  1. Assessing Responsiveness
  2. Activate Medical Help
  3. Airway
  4. Breathing
  5. Circulation
• Primary Assessment

  Assessing Responsiveness - A patient’s response level can be summarized in the AVPU.

  A = Alert

  V = Responsive to Voice

  P = Responsive to Pain

  U = Unresponsive/Unconscious
• Primary Assessment

  Activate Medical Help - Ask someone to call for local emergency number.
• Primary Assessment

  Call First

  • If you are alone, it is important to know when to call during emergency.
  • The situations are likely to be cardiac related, where time is critical factor.
• Primary Assessment

  Care First - The situations or conditions often related to breathing emergency.
• Primary Assessment

  Airway - An open airway allows air to enter the lungs for the person to breathe.
• Primary Assessment

  Breathing - While maintaining an open airway, quickly check an unconscious person for doing the LLF technique for 10 seconds.
• Primary Assessment (Circulation)

  1. Bleeding
  2. Shock
  3. Skin color, temperature, and moisture
• Primary Assessment (Circulation)

  Bleeding

  • Quickly look for severe bleeding by looking over the persons body from head.
  • Signal such as blood-soaked clothing or blood spurting out of a wound.
• Primary Assessment (Circulation)

  Shock

  • If left untreated, shock can lead to death
  • Always look for the signals of shock you are giving care
• Primary Assessment (Circulation)

  Skin color, temperature, and moisture - Assessment of skin temperature, color, and condition can tell you.
• Secondary Assessment - If an injured or ill person is not in an immediate condition, you can begin to check for other conditions that may need care.
• Interviewing

  • The person and the bystander.
  • Checking the person head to toe.
• First Aid at Home

  Home Remedies for Fever

  • Paracetamol, mefenamic acid
  • 500 mg every 4 hours (adult)
  • 15-20 mg per kilo every 4 hours (children)
• First Aid at Home

  Home Remedies for Fever in children

  • Lukewarm Bath
  • Hydration
  • Ample rest
  • Resting in a cool place
• Remedies for Burns

  Types of Burns:

  1. Thermal
  2. Electrical
  3. Radiation
  4. Chemical
• Degree of Burns

  • First Degree
  • Second Degree
  • Third Degree
• Degree of Burns

  First Degree (skin surface)

  • Reddening of the skin
  • Hot to touch
• Degree of Burns

  Second Degree

  • Blister formation
• Degree of Burns

  Third Degree (full thickness)

  • Sloughing of the skin
  • Exposure of the subcutaneous tissue and muscles