Fire Hazards

• Fire

  • Has been used by early humans for survival
  • Important tools in building both ancient and modern civilizations
• The Fire Tetrahedron

  • A triangular pyramid
  • A visual aid that reminds us of the four important ingredients to initiate and sustain fire namely:

  1.    Heat

  2.   Fuel

  3.   Oxidizing agent

  4.   Uninhibited chemical reaction
• Heat

  • Is an energy that flows from an object of high temperature to an object of low temperature
  • Can be produce in many ways both by man and nature
• Fuel - Any solid, liquid or gaseous substance that can be burned.
• Pyrolysis

  • Is a chemical decomposition of solid fuels which produces gas fuel through application of heat
  • Gaseous fuel ignite and burn readily and do not require the application of additional heat before combustion
• Oxidizing Agent

  • An element or a compound which releases oxygen or other oxidizers during a chemical reaction.
  • Other oxidizing agent are Bromates, Bromine, Chlorates, Chlorine, Flourine, Iodine, Nitrates, Nitric acid, Nitrites, Perchlorates, Peroxides, and Permanganates
• Uninhabited Chemical Chain Reaction - Combustion or burning-an exothermic reaction becomes self-sustained because the heat given off during combustion is used again to heat the fuel and maintain the burning
• Wildfires - Is any natural or anthropogenic-caused uncontrolled fire in remote areas where the extensive combustible vegetation or organic material like forest grasslands, shrublands, brushlands, scrublands, and peatlands
• Types of Wildfire

  1. Ground Fires
  2. Surface Fires
  3. Crown Fires
  4. Ladder Fuels
• Causes of Wildfire

  1. Natural
  2. Human Activities
• Causes of Wildfire

  Natural

  • Triggered by tremendous heat associated by lightning strikes during thunderstorms
  • Lava flows during volcanic eruptions
• Causes of Wildfire

  Human Activities

  • Kaingin and Charcoal production
  • Accidental fire from lighted cigarettes or improper extinguished bonfires   in campsites within the forest
• Ingredients of Fire

  • Heat
  • Fuel
  • Oxygen
• Components of Fire

  • Heat
  • Fuel
  • Oxygen
  • Chain reaction
• Combustion - Is the self-sustaining process of rapid oxidation of a fuel, which produces light and heat.
• Types of Fires

  • Class A
  • Class B
  • Class C
  • Class D
  • Class K
• Types of Fire Extinguishers

  • Water
  • Dry Powder
  • Foam
  • CO2
  • Wet Chemical
• Types of Fires

  Class A

  • Ordinary combustibles
  • Wood, Paper, Cloth, etc
• Types of Fires

  Class B

  • Flammable Liquids
  • Grease, Oil, Paint, Solvents
• Types of Fires

  Class C

  • Live Electrical Equipment
  • Electrical Panel, Motor, Wiring, etc.
• Types of Fires

  Class D

  • Combustible Metal
  • Magnesium, Aluminum, etc.
• Types of Fires

  Class K

  • Commercial Cooking Equipment
  • Cooking Oils, Animal Fats, Vegetable Oils
• Types of Fire Extinguishers

  Water

  For use on:

  • Wood, Paper, Textiles, etc.

  Do not use on:

  • Flammable Liquid
  • Live Electrical Equipment
• Types of Fire Extinguishers

  Dry Powder

  For use on:

  • Wood, Paper, Textiles, etc.
  • Flammable Liquids
  • Gaseous Fires
  • Live Electrical Equipment

   
• Types of Fire Extinguishers

  Foam

  For use on:

  • Wood, Paper, Textiles, etc.
  • Flammable Liquids

  Do not use on:

  • Live Electrical Equipment
• Types of Fire Extinguishers

  CO2

  For use on:

  • Flammable Liquids
  • Live Electrical Equipment

  Do not use on:

  • Wood, paper, and textiles
  • Flammable metal fires
• Types of Fire Extinguishers

  Wet Chemical

  For use on:

  • Cooking oil fires
  • Wood, Paper, Textiles, etc.
• How to use Fire Extinguisher

  PASS

  P - Pull the pin in the handle

  A - Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire

  S - Squeeze the lever slowly

  S - Spread from side to side
• Identify the Parts of the Fire Extinguisher.

  A) Valve Assembly

  B) Release Lever

  C) Tamper Seal

  D) Pull Pin

  E) Handle

  F) Extinguishing Agent

  G) Propellant

  H) Cylindrical Tank

  I) Hose