chapter 6 to 13

• The North-South Divide is also known as Rich-Poor Divide
• The North-South Divide is an imaginary line separating more economically developed countries (MEDC), and less economically developed countries (LED).
• The North-South Divide is the Socio-economic political division that exists between the wealthy developed countries known as the "North" and the developing countries (least developed countries)or the "South".
• South Africa is listed as a "Southern" country, but it has the characteristics of an MEDC. Russian Federation is listed as a "Northern" country, it has the characteristics of an LEDC.
• North - Some countries which lay in the north part of the divide are: Canada, United States, Greenland, Russia. They are considered the "richer" and more stable Countries.
• For instance, the United States and MEDC, has a life expectancy of 79 years for women, and 77 years for men. However, in Somalia, an LEDC, 51 years for women and 48 years for men.
• South - the area below the North-South Divide is what known as the South or the "Poor side".
• South - These countries are known as developing countries, meaning the GDP, HDI and general standard living within these countries are considered inferior to that countries in the North.
• Some example of these countries are: Somalia, Vietnam, Haiti, India.
• GDP - Gross domestic Product
• HDI - Human Development Index
• Willy Brandt- a former Chancellor of West Germany from 1969-1974.

  - The Brandt Line which he proposed in 1980 created a partition between the “developed” North and “developing” South.
• Samuel Huntington – The American Political Scientist who hypothesized that culture would be the cause of future global conflicts.
• Claudio (2014) – Stated in his article that spaces of underdevelopment in developed countries may mirror the poverty of Global South.
• Development – The term that refers to the changes that affects people’s lives, exploring how the standard of living, wealth and quality of life of the Global population varies across our planet.
• Spain – The conquistadors who influenced the Filipino natives with their religion, which is Catholic or Christian belief
• More than 70 years – The average life expectancy of the Global North.
• Countries which are located in the South but classified as Global North: Hongkong, Korea, Japan, Australia, Macau.
• The different terms being associated with the word “Global South”:  Least Developed Countries (LDC’s), Third World Countries, Under developed Countries,l Developing Countries.
• The term Asia itself comes from the ancient Greeks who categorize the world into three continents: Europe, Africa, Asia.
• The United States has implemented a foreign policy shift dubbed the “Pacific Pivot”, committing more resources and attention to the region.
• In a widely read article in Foreign Affairs, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton called this the shift from the ”Atlantic Century” to “Pacific Century”.
• Region – a group of countries in the same geographically specified area (Southeast Asia)
• Regionalization – is the “societal integration and the often undirected process of social and economic interaction (Grouping).
• Regionalism – is the “formal process of intergovernmental collaboration between two or more states (ASEAN). It is the set of conscious activities carried out by states within a region to cooperate while regionalization is a less conscious process which is the outcome of these states policies.
• The first section takes an externalist view illustrating the way in which the region has been affected by globalization.
• The second section takes a generative view showing how the region is an active agent pushing the process of globalization forward.
• The third perspective show how the region can be understood as posing an alternative to globalization.
• Globalization – the rapid expansion and intensification of social relations across world time and space (Steger, 2014)
• Most Progressive: South Korea, Japan, Singapore
• Most Poor: Cambodia, Laos, Nepal
• Most Populated: China and India
• World’s Smallest: Bhutan and Maldives
• Us Strategy: Pacific Pivot – committing more resources and attention to the region.
• Externalist view – refers to the colonial rule and dominance of Western countries to Asian countries.
• THE REGION AS AN OBJECT IMPACTED BY GLOBALIZATION

  1. Colonial Rule and Dominance
  2. Ferdinand Magellan
  3. World War II
• Colonial Rule and Dominance – According to this view, the technologically and industrially more advanced Western powers found their way to influence the region
• Ferdinand Magellan – arrived in the Visayan region of what would become the Philippines in 1521.
• World War II – This was marks another way in which the region comes to be at once integrated and influenced by external forces
• Rama V in particular is still remembered as a “Great Modernizer” who brought major political, social, and economic reforms to Thailand (Stifel, 1976).