Electrolysis

• Endo


  Chemical reaction happens due to electricity
• Electrolysis


  Break down by electricity (in molten or aqueous)
• Anode is positive, cathode is negative
• Electrode


  • Inert (unreactive) - Pt or C
  • Active (reactive) - metals
• Conductor


  Allows flow of electrons
• Function


  Positive anode, negative cathode
• Electrolysis process


  1. Ions flow from anode to cathode

  2. Electrons flow from cathode to anode
• Molten NaCl, aqueous HCl, CuSO4 are electrolytes
• Distilled water, ethanol, petrol, molten sulfur are non-electrolytes
• Safety precautions: wear goggles, gloves, lab coat, use fume cupboard for toxic gas
• Electrolysis products


  • Cl2 gas at anode, Pb, Zn, Cu metal at cathode
• Copper solution has blue colour
• Ionic compounds conduct in molten or aqueous state, covalent compounds do not conduct
• Metals conduct due to free electrons, liquids conduct due to mobile ions
• Electrolytes are substances that conduct electricity when dissolved in water.