World lit

• Plot


  • Sequence of events that make up the storyline of the short story
  • Typically follows a structure that includes exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and conclusion
• Characters


  • Individuals who drive the action of the story
  • Can be protagonists, antagonists, or supporting characters
  • Well-developed characters have traits, motivations, and arcs that influence their actions and interactions
• Setting


  • The time and place in which the story takes place
  • Can include physical locations, historical contexts, and cultural environments that provide a backdrop for the events of the story
  • Helps establish mood, atmosphere, and context for the narrative
• Theme


  • The central idea or message conveyed by the story
  • Often explores universal truths, human experiences, or moral dilemmas
  • Can be explicit or implicit and may emerge through the actions of characters, conflicts, and resolution of the story
• Conflict


  • The primary source of tension in the story and drives the plot forward
  • Can take various forms, including character vs. character, character vs. self, character vs. society, character vs. nature, or character vs. supernatural forces
  • Resolving the conflict is often essential to the story's resolution
• Point of View


  • The perspective from which the story is told
  • Can be first-person, third-person limited, or third-person omniscient
• Tone and Mood


  • Tone is the author's attitude towards the subject matter or audience
  • Mood is the emotional atmosphere evoked by the story
  • Both contribute to the overall impact and interpretation of the narrative
• Symbolism


  • The use of objects, images, or elements within the story to represent abstract ideas or concepts
  • Adds depth and layers of meaning to the narrative, inviting readers to consider deeper interpretations
• Narrative Structure


  • The organization and presentation of the story
  • Includes elements such as pacing, chronological order, flashbacks or foreshadowing, and other techniques
• Elements of Plot


  1. Exposition

  2. Inciting Incident

  3. Rising Action

  4. Climax

  5. Falling Action

  6. Resolution (or Denouement)
• Kinds of Characters


  • Protagonist
  • Antagonist
  • Major Characters
  • Minor Characters
  • Flat Characters
  • Round Characters
  • Dynamic Characters
  • Static Characters
  • Stock Characters
  • Foils
• Dr. Wilma Q. Del Rosario, Professor