History

• Refers to the point of view of the said writer who was a witness to the event.

  Perspective
• Derived from a Greek word which means “knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation”

  historia
• A discipline existed for around 2,400 years and is as old as mathematics and philosophy

  History
• 6 C's That Guide To Effectively Analyze Primary Sources

  Content, Citation, Communication, Context, Connections, and Conclusions
• This term was adapted to classical Latin where it acquired a new definition and became known as the account of the past of a person or of a group through written documents and historical evidences.

  Historia
• To analyze a primary source, you need information about two things

  the document itself and the era from which it comes
• You must identify the main idea. For documents, list important points , phrases, words, and sentences. For images, describe what you see.

  Content
• Always been known as the study of the past

  History
• They lived with the mantra of “no document, no history.”

  Traditional Historian
• other kinds of historical sources

  Oral traditions in forms of epic, songs, artifacts, architecture, and memory.
• Indeed, history as a discipline has already turned into a complex and dynamic inquiry. This dynamism inevitably produced various perspectives on the discipline regarding different questions like: What is history? Why study history? And history from whom? These questions can be answered by?

  Historiography
• You must identify the creator of the document and the time it is created.

  Citation
• prejudice or a tendency to see something in a particular way

  Bias
• You must identify the biases of the author. A bias is a prejudice or a tendency to see something in a particular way. Also it is essential for you to examine the point of view of the author.

  Communication
• You must understand what is going on in the world, country, region, or locality when the document is created.

  Context
• is history itself

  Historiography
• Emerged in the 18th-19th centuries, demanding empirical evidence for truth and objective conclusions. These historians must maintain objectivity and impartiality in their research and arguments.

  Positivism
• Emerged in the early 20th century as formerly colonized nations sought to define their identities and societies apart from their colonial past. This aims to reclaim national identity from colonial discourse and critique colonialism's methods and effects.

  Postcolonialism
• Interpret historical evidence to give it meaning, organize it into timelines, and establish causes. They are influenced by their context, environment, ideology, and education, which shapes their subjective interpretation of historical facts and research.

  HISTORY AND THE HISTORIAN
• Historical research relies on primary and secondary sources to study the past. The classification depends on the specific historical subject being examined.

  HISTORICAL SOURCES
• You must recognize the connection of the primary source to what you already know.

  Connections
• You must determine the contributions of the primary source to our understanding of history.

  Conclusions
• These people always had chief, called by them [ ] who governed them and were captains in their wars, and whom they obeyed and reverenced.

  Datos
• This tribal gathering is called in tagalog a [ ]

  Barangay
• Are contemporaneous with the event, period, or subject being studied, offering direct evidence and firsthand knowledge. They provide compelling evidence of human activity, representing items created or in use during the studied period, and are actual records that have survived from the past.

  PRIMARY SOURCE
• Are those sources, which were produced by an author who used primary sources to produce the material.

  Secondary Sources
• involves verifying the authenticity of evidence through physical characteristics, consistency with historical context, and material analysis. It applies scientific methods to certify the reliability of historical information, including tests like dating paper and assessing the feasibility of claims based on known historical factors. It evaluates the authenticity and reliability of data.

  EXTERNAL CRITICISM
• Examines the truthfulness of evidence by analyzing its content and the circumstances of its production. It scrutinizes the author, context, agenda, knowledge, and purpose of the source to determine its accuracy and integrity. This approach seeks to establish the truth and reasonable interpretations within the data itself, considering the motives of the data providers and assessing the reliability of the materials on which historical data are based.

  Internal Criticism
• In addition to the chiefs… there were three castes:

  Nobles Commoners Slaves
• The free- born whom they call Maharlika. They did not pay tax or tribute to the dato, but must accompany him in war, at own expense

  Nobles
• Called aliping namamahay, They are married and serve their master , whether he is a dato or not, with half of their cultivated lands

  Commoners
• Called aliping saguiguilid. They serve their master in his house and on his cultivated land and may be sold

  Slaves
• Famous Italian traveler born in Vicenza around 1490 and died in the same city in 1534

  Antonio Lombardo or Francisco Antonio Pigafetta
• Francisco Antonio Pigafetta. Initially linked to the order of Rhodes, which was Knight, He went to Spain in 1519, accompanied by

  Monsignor Francisco Chiericato
• The famous expedition to the [ ] that begun in

  Moluccas August of 1519 and finished in September 1522
• He wrote the relation of that trip, which is the first around the world, Italian and with the title of

  Relazioni in lathe to the primo viaggio di circumnavigazione. Notizia del Mondo Nuovo with figure you dei paesi scoperti, which was published posthumously, in 1536.
• Their fleet reached what he called the

  LADRONES ISLANDS or the “Islands of the Thieves.”
• They found what he referred to as the “Watering Place of Good Signs.

  Humunu Island (Homonhon)
• a long boat

  balanghai (balangay)
• KKK

  Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan