Structure of eukaryotic cells

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Created by
Tilly

Cards (12)

  • What is the nucleus and what does it do
    largest prominent organelle
    usually spherical about 10-20 micrometres in diameter
    contains the organisms genetic material
    acts as a control centre for the cell
  • What is the mitochondria and what does it do
    usually rod shaped and round
    1-10 micrometres long
    site of aerobic respiration
    produces ATP - an immediate source of energy
    cells with a high level of metabolic activity need more mitochondria
  • What are chloroplasts and what do they do
    typically disc shaped usually 2-10 micrometres wrong and 1 micrometre wide
    contains DNA and ribosomes
    contain chlorophyll for absorption of light for photosynthesis
  • What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it do
    A 3D system of membranes that spreads throughout the cytoplasm
    The membranes form a network of tubules and flattened sacs called cisternae
    It is continuous to the nuclear membrane
  • What does the rER do
    synthesis and transport of proteins
  • What does the sER do
    synthesis and transport of lipids and carbohydrates
  • What is the golgi apparatus and what does it do
    A sack of membranes that form flattened sacs called cisternae
    Collects, modifies and transports proteins
    Proteins are then labelled to be sent to their correct destination
    Modified proteins are transported in golgi vesicles
  • What are lysosomes and what do they do
    Form when vesicles that bud off of the golgi apparatus contain hydrolytic enzymes for hydrolysing unwanted material
    Their function is to hydrolyse material, release enzymes, digest old worn out organelles and break down cells that have died
  • What are ribosomes and what do they do
    Small granules found in cells
    Occur in large numbers
    Found in the cytoplasm or attached to the rER
    They have 2 subunits
    Made of ribosomal RNA and protein
    2 types: 80s (eukaryotic) and 70s (prokaryotic)
    Site of protein synthesis
  • What is a vacuole and what does it do
    A fluid filled sac with a single membrane
    Usually single large vacuole in plant cells
    Storage bubbles
    Functions - support herbaceous plants, storage of useful substances and waste products
  • What is the cell wall and what are its functions
    Found in plant cells
    Made of cellulose fibres
    Provides strength
  • What are centrioles and what do they do
    Small hollow cylinders
    Form a network of fine fibres in the cytoplasm called the cytoskeleton
    Supports the cells shape
    Organises and moves organelles