social

• Milgram


  study on obedience
• what was milgrams study?

  a controlled observation
• how were participants selected in milgrams study?

  self-selected
• what was the dependent variable for milgrams study?

  the voltage of shock given/ obedience
• what was the minimum level of shock in milgrams study?

  15 volts
• what was the maximum level of shock s given in milgrams study?

  450 volts
• where did milgrams study take place?

  Yale University, america
• how many participants were in milgrams study?

  40 men
• what were some of the verbal commands given by the experimenter in milgrams study?


  'please continue'

  'it is absolutely essential that you continue'
• how many participants were seen as fully obedient by obeying until 450 volts? in milgrams study?

  26/ 40 obeyed until 450 volts
• what was the furthest that all participants obeyed until in milgrams study?

  40/40 participants obeyed until 300 volts.
• strengths of milgrams study?

  collected both quantitative and qualitative data
• weaknesses of milgrams study?

  many ethical issues
• what is one of the main ethical issues in milgrams study?

  participants right to withdraw was ignored numerous times due to the verbal commands given by the experimenter.
• bocchiaro

  disobedience and whistleblowing
• how many participants took part in bocchiaros study

  149 participants
• where did bocchiaros study take place?

  vu univeristy, amsterdam
• how many pilot studys did bocchiaro have?

  eight
• what were the results from bocchiaro study?

  obedient - 76.5

  disobedient - 14.1

  whistle-blowers - 9.4
• strengths of bocchiaros study?

  both genders took part

  most ethical issues were covered (pilot studys)
• weaknesses of bocchiaro's study

  deception

  demand characteristics
• piliavin


  subway Samaritans
• how many people took part in piliavins study?

  4450 people
• where did piliavins study take place?

  new york
• what type of experiment was piliavins?

  field experiment
• what was the independent variable in pilavins study?

  the type of victim

  the race of the victim
• what was the dependent variable in piliavins study?

  the time taken to help or the number of helpers
• how long was the train journey?in piliavins study?

  70 seconds
• what were the two conditions of the victims in piliavins study?

  drunk victim

  cane victim
• what were the results in pilavins study

  cane victim was helped 95% of the time

  drunk victim was helped 50% of the time
• how long did it help for people to help each victim in pilavins study?

  cane victim was helped roughly after 5 seconds

  drunk victim was helped roughly after 109 seconds
• 90% of the helpers in Piliavin's study were male
• strengths of Piliavin's study

  • standardised procedure
  • high ecological validity
• weaknesses of piliavins study?

  • lack of victim representation
  • ethnocentric
• levine


  cross-cultural alturism
• how many countries did levines study take place in

  23 countries
• what type of sampling was used in levines study?

  opportunity sampling
• how many participants took part in levines study?

  1198 participants
• what was the independent variable in levines study?

  the city that the study took place in

  the helping measures
• what was the dependent variable in levines study?

  the rate at which people helped in each country

  whether it was:

  • dropped pen
  • hurt leg
  • blind person