eng2

• Communicative Strategies - means of sharing information which are adopted to achieve a particular social, political, psychological, or linguistic purpose.
• NOMINATION - speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively and productively open a topic.
• RESTRICTION -refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker.
• TURN-TAKING - pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the conversational floor.
• TOPIC-CONTROL - the process of keeping the interaction going by asking questions and eliciting a response.
• TOPIC SHIFTING - It is the process of introducing a new topic followed by the continuation of that topic
• REPAIR - Overcoming communication breakdown to send more comprehensible messages.
• TERMINATION - using verbal and nonverbal signals to end the interaction.
• SPEECH - is a formal address or discourse delivered to an audience.
• AUDIENCE ANALYSIS - need to look into the profile of your target audience.
• DEMOGRAPHY - age range, male-female ratio, educational background, etc
• SITUATION - time, venue, occasion, and size
• PSYCHOLOGY - values, beliefs, attitudes, preferences, etc
• LOGICAL ORGANIZATION - This refers to a certain flow that you must follow if you intend to communicate your ideas clearly and effectively.
• INFORMATIVE SPEECH - Provides clear understanding of the concept
• ENTERTAINMENT SPEECH - Provides the audience with amusement
• PERSUASIVE SPEECH - Provides the audience well-argued ideas with
• TOPIC - main point of your speech, which can be determined once you have decided on your purpose.
• Narrowing down a topic means making your main idea more specific and focused.
• DATA GATHERING - The stage where you collect ideas, information, sources and references, related to your specific topic.
• Failure to properly cite your sources corresponds to plagiarism.
• WRITING PATTERNS - These are structures that will help you organize the ideas related to your topic.
• BIOGRAPHICAL - This presents descriptions of your life or of a person, famous or not.
• BIOGRAPHY - written by someone about another
• AUTOBIOGRAPHY - firsthand account, written by the person themselves
• CATEGORICAL/TOPICAL - This presents related categories supporting the topic.
• CAUSAL - This presents cause and effect relationships.
• CHRONOLOGICAL - This presents the idea in time order.
• COMPARISON/CONTRAST - This presents the similarities and differences between two or more subjects, ideas, concepts, or entities.
• PROBLEM-SOLUTION - This presents an identified problem, its causes, and recommended solutions.
• OUTLINE - shows the relationship between your ideas
• DURATION - refers to the total time from the speaker's initial address to the audience until the conclusion of the speech.
• WORD CHOICE - you must be mindful with your choice of words as you prepare for your speech.
• GRAMMATICAL CORRECTNESS - You should strive to observe grammatical correctness.
• Impromptu - Speaking with no preparation Unrehearsed speech.
• Extemporaneous - Guided by notes or outline, Delivered conversationally, Most popular type of speech ( little preparation )
• Reading from a manuscript - Speaking with advanced preparation, Planned and rehearsed speech, Reading aloud a written message.
• Memorized - Speaking with advanced preparation, Planned and rehearsed speech, Reciting a written message word-for-word from memory
• ARTICULATION - refers to the correct pronunciation of the words and application of proper breathing exercises
• ARTICULATION - this also pertains to the act of vocal expression, utterance, or enunciation.