biology (PUP)

• biology a branch of science that deals with the structure, function, growth, evolution, and distributions of organism
• cell is life's basic unit of structure and function, all things are composed of this
• a prokaryotic cell the inside of this cell is filled with substance called cytoplasm, example is a bacteria
• eukaryotic cell are organized into many smaller structures called organelles
• eukaryotic cell are organized into many smaller structures called organelles
• the cell has an outer envelop called plasma membrane
• nucleus is usually the largest organelle, is the control center of the cell
• ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell
• endoplasmic reticulum is a continuous channel that extend into many regions of the cytoplasm
• golgi bodies also participate in the processing of proteins as they modify, process, and sort the products
• lysosomes these tiny sacs carry digestive enzymes which they use to breakdown old, worn out, organelles, debris, or large indigested products
• centrioles are small, paired, cylindrical structure that are often found within the microtubule organizing centers
• vacuoles in latin means empty cavity, they are fluif-filled sacs thst store water, food, wastes, salt, or pigments
• cytoskeleton is a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence.
• mitochondria usually reffered to as the power of the cell, responsible for convreting the organic molecules to energy for the cell
• peroxisome organells that detoxify various substances, resulting to hydrogen peroxide as byproduct
• facilitated transport depends upon a number of proteins that act as tunnels through the membrane
• passive transports happens when a substance is moving with the help of diffusion cause no outside energy is required to cause the movement
• osmosis is when a molecule that is diffusing is water, it will move down its concentration gradient
• active transport is the movement of molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient
• endocytosis when the particles that wants to enter a cell are just too large, the cell uses a portion of the cell membrane to engulf the substance
• bulk flow other substances move by this, which is the one way movement of fluid brought about by pressure
• dialysis is the diffusion of solutes across a selectively permeable membrane
• exocytosis is when a cell ejects waste products or specific secretion products such as, hormones, by the fusion of a vesicle with the plasma membrane
• cell junctions is when cell comes in close contact with each other, they develop a specialized intercellular junctions that involve their plasma membranes as well as their components
• desmosomes they consist of a pair of discs associated with the plasma membrane or the adjacent cells, plus the intercellular protein filaments that cross the small space between them
• gap junctions are protein complexes that form channels in the membranes and allows communication between the cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells for the transfer of small molecules and ions
• tight junctions is the tight connections between the membranes of adjacent animal cells