Contraceptives

• Contraceptive methods


  Also known as family planning or birth control. It is the act of preventing pregnancy. This can be a device, a medication, a procedure or a behavior.
• There are many types of contraception widely used nowadays for family planning purposes
• Contraception


  • Each method has its advantages and suits special cases and not necessarily suits others and the choice of contraception depends on different needs of the patients like the period of contraception and also doctor should decide which method suits needs more
• No method of contraception is completely effective
• Types of contraception


  • Natural contraception
  • Mechanical contraception
  • Hormonal contraception
  • Surgical contraception
• Types of contraception


  • Barrier contraceptives
  • Hormonal contraceptives
  • Sterilization
  • Methods based on information
• No single method of birth control is the "best" one. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages
• Abstinence is the only 100% effective way to prevent pregnancy and STD's
• Characteristics of ideal contraceptive

  • Safe
  • 100% effective
  • Free of side effects
  • Easily obtainable
  • Affordable
  • Acceptable to the user
  • Free of effects on future pregnancies
• Barrier contraceptives


  Methods that physically or chemically block sperm from reaching an egg AND provide a BARRIER between direct skin to skin contact
• Barrier contraceptives act as a physical block between you and your sexual partner
• Barrier contraceptives are great for STD protection
• Types of barrier methods

  • Male Condom
  • Female Condom
  • Dental Dam
  • Diaphragm
  • Cervical Cap
  • Sponge
  • Spermicides – (chemical contraception method)
• Male condoms


  Male condoms are 82 to 98 percent effective at preventing pregnancy
• Condoms can only be used once
• Contraceptive methods


  Also known as family planning or birth control. It is the act of preventing pregnancy. This can be a device, a medication, a procedure or a behavior.
• There are many types of contraception widely used now days for family planning purposes
• Contraception


  • Each method has its advantages and suits special cases and not necessarily suits others and the choice of contraception depends on different needs of the patients like the period of contraception and also doctor should decide which method suits needs more
  • No method of contraception is completely effective
• Types of contraception


  • Natural contraception
  • Mechanical contraception
  • Hormonal contraception
  • Surgical contraception
• Types of contraception


  • Barrier contraceptives
  • Hormonal contraceptives
  • Sterilization
  • Methods based on information
• No single method of birth control is the "best" one. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages
• Abstinence is the only 100% effective way to prevent pregnancy and STD's
• Characteristics of ideal contraceptive

  • Safe
  • 100% effective
  • Free of side effects
  • Easily obtainable
  • Affordable
  • Acceptable to the user
  • Free of effects on future pregnancies
• Barrier contraceptives


  Methods that physically or chemically block sperm from reaching an egg AND provide a BARRIER between direct skin to skin contact
• Barrier contraceptives act as a physical block between you and your sexual partner
• Barrier contraceptives are great for STD protection
• Types of barrier methods

  • Male Condom
  • Female Condom
  • Dental Dam
  • Diaphragm
  • Cervical Cap
  • Sponge
  • Spermicides – (chemical contraception method)
• Male condoms


  • Male condoms are 82 to 98 percent effective at preventing pregnancy
  • Condoms can only be used once
  • Do not use oil-based lubricants such as massage oils, baby oil, lotions, or petroleum jelly. They will weaken the condom, causing it to tear or break
  • Water-based are the best – can prevent breaking of condom
  • Good choices: Latex condoms and polyurethane
  • Bad choices: Never choose "natural" or "lambskin"
• Female condoms


  • Female condoms are 79 to 95 percent effective
  • Worn by the woman, this method keeps sperm from getting into her body
  • It can be inserted up to eight hours before sexual intercourse (though not necessary)
• Female condom


  The female condom is a lubricated polyurethane sheath, similar in appearance to a male condom. It is inserted into the vagina. The closed end covers the cervix. Like the male condom, it is intended for one-time use and then discarded.
• Sponge


  The sponge is inserted by the woman into the vagina and covers the cervix blocking sperm from entering the cervix. The sponge also contains a spermicide that kills sperm. It is available without a prescription.
• Dental dam


  • Small, thin, square pieces of latex used to keep partners' body fluids out of each other's bodies
  • Can help to prevent skin-to-skin contact
  • Placed on the vulva or the anus when the mouth, lips, or tongue are used to sexually arouse a partner
• Diaphragm


  • Typical Effectiveness Rate = 80%
  • Latex barrier placed inside vagina during intercourse
  • Fitted by physician
  • Spermicidal jelly before insertion
  • Inserted up to 18 hours before intercourse and can be left in for a total of 24 hours
• Cervical cap


  • Latex barrier inserted in vagina before intercourse
  • "Caps" around cervix with suction
  • Fill with spermicidal jelly prior to use
  • Can be left in body for up to a total of 48 hours
  • Must be left in place six hours after sexual intercourse
  • Perfect effectiveness rate = 91%
  • Typical effectiveness rate = 80%
• Cervical cap


  The cervical cap is a flexible rubber cup-like device that is filled with spermicide and self-inserted over the cervix prior to intercourse. The device is left in place several hours after intercourse. The cap is a prescribed device fitted by a health care professional and can be more expensive than other barrier methods, such as condoms.
• Spermicides


  • Chemicals kill sperm in the vagina
  • Different forms: Jelly, Foam, Suppository
  • Some work instantly, others require pre-insertion
  • Only 76% effective (used alone), should be used in combination with another method i.e., condoms
• Hormonal contraceptives


  • Methods that prevent the release of an egg (ovulation)
  • Prevents a fertilized egg from implanting in the uterus (prevents pregnancy)
  • NO hormonal methods reduce chances of STD's!
• Types of hormonal contraception

  • Oral Contraceptives (Birth Control Pill)
  • Birth Control Shot/ Injections (Depo-Provera)
  • Implants (Norplant I & II)
  • The Patch
  • Vaginal Ring
• Oral contraceptives


  • Also called "the pill,"
  • Some contain estrogen, progestin, or mix of other hormones depending on pill
  • The pill is 91 to 99 percent effective at preventing pregnancy
  • Prescribed by doctor
  • A pill is taken at the same time each day (once a day for three weeks, no pill fourth week -will get menstrual period)
• Birth control pills are safe and effective when taken properly