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• persuasive writing convinces readers to believe an idea and to perform action
• present strong evidence - evidence in the form of facts, statistics, credibility, and statements
• concrete, relevant, and reasonable examples - enhances writer's ideas or opinion
• accurate, current, and balanced information - adds credibility of persuasive writing
• there are 3 modes of persuasion
• the 3 modes of persuasion was introduced by Aristotle
• the three modes are ethos, logos, pathos
• pathos - appeals to emotions
• logos - appeals to logic and reason
• the six common fallacies are: ad hominem, fault cause and effect, hasty generalization, false analogy, either/or reasoning, and circular reasoning
• ad hominem - attacks the person who makes an opposing point
• faulty cause and effet - two events are related but sounds not right
• either/or reasoning - provides reader with two options to simplify problem
• hasty generalization - drawing conclusions from an experience
• false analogy - comparing but misleading
• circular reasoning - states thesis as its proof but reasoning is repeated
• the frequently used sources for persuasion are: facts, statistics, judgement, and testimony
• facts - makes arguments solid
• statistics - arguments but with numbers
• judgement - assumptions based on facts
• testimony - eye witness or expert's opinion
• paragraph - group of sentences
• a good paragraph has: main idea, topic sentence, supporting details
• main idea - main point / central idea in a paragraph
• cohesion - refers to the unity of ideas in a paragraph
• coherence - quality of being logical and well-organized
• in coherence, transitional devices are used to connect words.
• there are 5 types of logical patterns in coherence
• chronological order - sequence of events, writer tells reader what happens first, second, third, etc.
• spatial order - details are arranged according to the scene being described (ex. describing a place)
• order of importance - details are arranged from least to most important
• compare and contrast - details are arranged according to two or more things are similar to and different from another
• topical order - COMMONLY USED FORMAT. details are arranged according to how different subtopics fall within a larger category