principle of coding

• High-level languages


  Languages close to natural language - the spoken and written language of humans
• Machine code


  A series of numbers written in binary, each number representing a different instruction
• High-level programming languages


  • Easier to understand and less complex than machine code
  • Allow the programmer to focus on what needs to be done, rather than on how the computer actually works

  
• Commonly used high-level languages


  • Python
  • Java
  • C++
  • C#
  • Visual Basic
  • JavaScript

  
• Low-level languages


  Languages that sit close to the computer's instruction set

  
• Types of low-level language

  • Machine code
  • Assembly language
• Machine code


  The set of instructions that a CPU understands directly and can act upon
• Assembly language


  • Sits between machine code and high-level language in terms of ease of use
  • Uses mnemonics - short abbreviations that directly correspond with a machine code instruction
• High-level programming languages


  • Code is similar to a natural human language, often English
  • Commands can be easily combined to make new functions

  
• Low-level programming languages


  • Do not look like a natural human language
  • Made up entirely of bit patterns (instructions or data) that be executed directly by the CPU

  
• When execution speed is not critical

  High-level programming languages are used
• When speed of execution is critical or when writing software which interfaces directly with the hardware

  Low-level programming languages are useful