21st Lit. Genres

• is written works like poetry, novels, stories, journals of famous authors, etc., and they are usually published.

  Literature
• literally means ‘type”, so literary genre means types of literary works.

  Genre
• Four Earlier Main Genres

  ·         Poetry

  ·         Fiction

  ·         Nonfiction

  ·         Drama
• The 21st Literary Genre

  ·         Hyperpoetry

  ·         Mobile Textula

  ·         Flash Fiction

  ·         Chick Lit

  Text-Talk Novels
• is a piece of writing in which the words are chosen for their beauty and sound and are carefully arranged, often in short lines.

  Poem
• is one of the earliest genres of literature. It was either recited or sang back to prehistoric times to call for help from a deity, narrate a hero’s life and victories, tell about the love story of their rulers, or describe someone who inspires them.

  Poetry
• is a unit of language into which a poem is divided

  Line
• • Main building block of poem.

  Unit of poetry composed of lines. It is like a paragraph in prose or a verse in a song.

   

  Stanza
• Types of Stanza

  a.       Couplet – two lines

  b.      Tercet – three lines

  c.       Quatrain – four lines

  d.      Cinquain – five lines

  e.       Sestet – six lines

  f.        Septet – seven lines

  g.       Octave – eight lines
• • Unit of rhythm in poetry, the pattern or measurement of the poem. Measures lines of poetry based on stressed and unstressed syllables.

  Meter
• The repetition of identical or similar concluding syllables in different words.

  Rhyme
• ü  The rhyme is at the end of a line of poetry.

  ü  End rhyme is most common type of rhyme in English poetry.

   

  End Rhyme
• The rhyme is within a single line of the poem.

  Internal Rhyme
• Involves sounds that are similar, but not exactly the same.

  Near Rhyme
• ü  The pattern of rhyme at the end of each line is called the rhyme scheme.

  ü  E.g., ABAB; ABCB; AABBA; AABB

  Rhyme Scheme
• refers to the author’s attitude toward the subject. Tone may be serious, enthusiastic, formal, objective, dramatic, humorous, etc.

  Tone
• • is the underlying message that the author wants to convey. Generally, theme is the central idea.

  Theme
• • is used to represent something else like an idea or belief. It is used to go beyond the literal meaning and make it figuratively.

  Symbol
• • uses the basic elements of a story, namely; the plot, setting, characters, and conflict , to convey its ideas.

  Fiction
• ü  is a story of make believe.

  ü  It is a story made by the author’s creative imagination.

  Fiction
• ü  uses the basic elements of a story, namely; the plot, setting, characters, and conflict , to convey its ideas.

  Fiction
• Fiction’s Basic Elements of a Story

  ü  Plot

  ü  Setting

  ü  Character

  ü  Conflict

  ü  Theme
• sequence of interrelated actions or events that make up a story.

  Plot
• • is the beginning of the story, where the characters are introduced. It is also where readers learn about the setting of the story.

  Exposition
• tension or uncertainty of events that develop out of the conflict increases, leading to the climax.

  Rising action
• highest point or the turning point of the story. Usually the main character comes face-to-face with a conflict. 

  Climax
• The conflicts in the climax are starting to be resolved.

  Falling action
• is the point in a story in which the conflict is resolved.

  Denouement
• includes the time or period and place where the event happened. It also helps create mood or the general feeling of the story

  Setting
• are the persons, animals, or any inanimate object that functions as the protagonist, antagonist and other minor entities that perform the actions, speak dialogue and moving the story along a plot line.

  Characters
• The struggle, battle, or disagreement between characters or forces present in the story. Conflict makes the story more exciting as it provides interest, suspense, and tension.

  Conflict
• involves the struggle between the character and his or her own thoughts, feelings, and conscience.

  Man vs Self
• is a psychological conflict which arises when the character experiences two opposite emotions or aspirations which usually involves good and evil.

  Internal conflict
• is the struggle of a protagonist against outside    forces that hamper his/ her progress and hinders him/her to achieve his/ her goal.

  External Conflict
• involves physical or mental struggle between the characters in the story.

  Man vs Man
• – involves a struggle between the characters and the forces of nature.

  Man vs nature
• -          involves man’s fight between man-made machines and software.

  Man vs technology
• -          involves a struggle between a character and divine or mythical beings, or supernatural elements.

  Man Vs supernatural
• ·         central idea or meaning of a story. It is the message that is communicated by a literary work.

  Theme
• is a literary genre that tells about stories that actually happen in real life.

  Non-Fiction