UCSP S2Q4 L2&3

• Education


  The act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life
• Education (as a social institution)


  A social institution through which a society's children are taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norms
• Educare


  The Latin word meaning "to train", "to rear or bring-up (a child)"
• Education plays a significant role in transferring culture and social norms among members of society, in the process of training and various modalities of educating
• Education enables individuals to flourish their personality to withstand the culture and social systems
• Alvin Toffler: 'The illiterate of the twenty-first century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn and relearn'
• Types of education in the Philippines

  • Formal
  • Non-formal
• Formal education


  The standardized method of hierarchically structured and progressive schooling that corresponds to the general notion of elementary and secondary and tertiary level of education
• Only the primary and secondary level of formal education is compulsory to the students in the Philippines
• Administration and supervision of the educational system in the Philippines

  1. Elementary and secondary level - Department of Education

  2. Tertiary level - Commission on Higher Education
• Non-formal education according to UNESCO


  Educational activity carried outside the structure of a formal education, covering programmes contributing to adult and youth literacy, education for out-of-school children, as well as programmes on life skills, work skills, and social or cultural development
• Non-formal education is flexible, learner-centered, contextualized and requires learners to participate in every activity
• Examples of non-formal education

  • Alternative Learning System (ALS) overseen by the Department of Education
• Functions of education

  • Socialization
  • Transmission of culture
  • Social integration
  • Social placement
  • Social and cultural innovation and/or preservation
• Socialization


  An essential ingredient in creating a society, where education helps transform humans into becoming literate and recognize its function in the society
• Transmission of culture


  Through socialization in school, the transmission of culture is at the highest possible, where humans learn the values, beliefs, and social norms of their culture
• Social integration


  Education portrays an important role to unify individuals by teaching the common values and social norms
• Social placement


  Education provides a social placement for everyone, preparing us for the later station of our lives, and to buy the necessities of life
• Education can change one's life, helping people think, feel, and behave in a way that contributes to their success, and improves not only their personal satisfaction but also their community
• Legal provisions of education

  • Article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
  • Article 14 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution
• Right to education


  Fundamental, non-discriminatory, vital for exercising all other human rights, stimulates independence and concession to produce significant development benefits, and provides equal opportunity to participate in an education system
• 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article 14

  Section 1: The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels, and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all.

  
  

  Section 2, Paragraph 2: The state shall establish and maintain a system of free public education in the elementary and high school levels. Without limiting the natural right of parents to rear their children, elementary education is compulsory for all children of school age; right to education is fundamental and is a human right
• Dr. William Little (2014) held that education is a social institution through which a society’s children are taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norms. 
• Parents

  Have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children
• Social classes is categorizing individuals or group of people based on factors such as power, wealth and prestige.
• Social Stratification is the layering of these social classes from higher to lower class
• Social stratification is defined as the hierarchical arrangement and establishment of social categories that may evolve into social groups together with statuses and their corresponding roles in the society
• 10% Upper class - elite families; productive and successful

  30% Middle class - comfortable life style

  60% Lower class - lowest status in society
• Social stratification

  Division of society into three social classes
• Upper Class


  • At the top of the social pyramid
  • Elite individuals or group of people that are most prolific and successful in their respective areas
  • May be stockholders and investors in very huge well-known companies from different industries here and abroad
• Upper Class

  • Henry Sy, Sr.
  • Lucio Tan, Sr.
• Social classes

  • Upper class
  • Middle class
  • Lower class
• Middle class


  Mostly professional individuals or groups of people like lawyers, doctors, managers, owners of small businesses in the locality, and executives who work in the corporate world
• Middle class


  • Can meet both their needs and wants without even worrying about their finances because of the job and salary they have
  • Live in spacious houses and situate in best suburbs
  • Their income can afford them a comfortable lifestyle
  • Value education the most since education to them is the most important measure of social status
• Lower class


  Skilled and unskilled artisan, farm employees, underemployed, and indigent families
• Lower class

  • Lack revenue or income and educational training or background
  • Without the proper education, some of them are jobless or have difficulty to find a job in order to make ends meet
  • Lack support network that could lift them up
• In earliest societies, people shared a common social standing; there was no social class back then
• Social stratification

  • Universal but variable
  • Not a matter of individual differences
  • Persists across generations
  • A social belief
• Forms of stratification systems

  • Close system of stratification
  • Open system of stratification
• Close system of stratification

  • India's Caste System
  • Consists of Brahmin, Khsatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra
  • Requires endogamy - marriage within own caste category
  • Restricted contact between lower and higher castes
  • Governed by religious beliefs of Hinduism