resepro

• Data organization


  1. Make sure data set is accurate and complete

  2. Begin encoding data in a spreadsheet

  3. If missing values or respondent failed to answer, leave item blank
• MS Excel


  Spreadsheet program that has become an essential tool for data management and analysis
• MS Excel


  • Offers a wide range of features that make it easy to organize, manipulate, and visualize data in a variety of ways
  • Supports a wide range of data types, including numbers, text, dates, and formulas
  • Excel's powerful formula and function capabilities enable users to perform complex calculations and statistical analyses
• MS Excel features


  • Charting and graphing capabilities (bar charts, line charts, scatter plots, etc.)
  • Range of tools for data management: sorting and filtering data, conditional formatting to highlight important information, and summarizing and analyzing large data sets
• IBM SPSS


  Used by various kinds of researchers for in-depth and complex statistical data analysis
• IBM SPSS


  • Descriptive statistics, including methodologies such as frequencies, cross-tabulation, and descriptive ratio statistics
  • Bivariate statistics, including methodologies such as analysis of variance (anova), means, correlation, and nonparametric tests
  • Numerical outcome predictions such as linear regression
  • Prediction for identifying groups, including methodologies such as cluster analysis and factor analysis
• EViews


  Used by financial situations, corporations, government agencies, and academicians
• EViews


  • Rapidly analyzes time series, cross-section and longitudinal data
  • Streamlines statistical and econometric modeling
  • Produces presentation-quality graphs and tables
  • Conducts superior budgeting, strategic planning and academic research
• STATA


  A complete, integrated statistical software package that provides everything one need for data analysis, data management, and graphics
• SAS


  An integrated system of software products provided by SAS Institute Inc.
• SAS


  • Information retrieval and data management
  • Report with writing and graphics
  • Statistical analysis, econometrics and data mining
  • Business planning, forecasting, and decision support
  • Operations research and project management
  • Quality improvement
  • Applications development
  • Data warehousing (extract, transform, load)
  • Platform independent and remote computing
• Textual presentation


  Data gathered are presented in paragraph form; data are written and read; textual presentation is a combination of text and figures
• Tabular presentation


  Data gathered are presented in form of statistical table; data are systematically presented in column and rows
• Tabular presentationan effective way of presenting data


  • When the data set contains relatively few numbers
  • When the precise value is crucial to your argument and a graph would not convey the same level of precision
  • The design of the table should help the reader interpret the data and so the use the lines and/or bold text to separate headings from the body of data, or highlighting/shading specific rows may be effective
  • Avoid large gaps between column since this also makes it difficult to read along a row
• Graphical presentation


  Data gathered are presented in a form of graph, pie or circle graph, line graph and pictograph
• Graphical presentation


  • Particularly effective way of presenting a large amount of data
  • Good means of describing, exploring or summarizing numerical data because of the use of a visual image
  • Simplify complex info and help highlight patterns and trends in the data
• Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data


  1. Presentation - Present the data using tables and charts

  2. Analysis - Extract the content of tables and/or graphs and explain the results

  3. Interpretation - Answer research questions chronologically
• Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations

  1. Summary of Findings - Summarize the results of the study based on the SOP

  2. Drawing Conclusions - Examine the Summary/Summary of Findings to write the conclusion

  3. Recommendations - Call for specific actions that are feasible and show parallel construction
• Summary of Findings


  • Does not need to include any numbers or figures that were already presented in Chapter 4
  • Simply explain the results in language that is easy to understand
  • Restate the research questions from the SOP