R&W 4TH QUARTER

• arrangement – a method of organization designed

  around the purpose of a text
• Patterns of Development – logical ways to organize an

  entire text or individual paragraphs and sections of a

  text
• Recognizing patterns of development helps you analyze

  a text and how the individual or constituent parts fit

  together.
• Essay Writing Foundations

  • Narration
  • Description
  • Process Analysis
  • Exemplification
  • Comparison and Contrast
  • Classification and Division
  • Definition
  • Cause and Effect
• Narration - telling a story or recounting a series of events
• Description - Emphasizes the senses by painting a picture of how

  something looks, sounds, smells, tastes, or feels.
• Process Analysis - explain how something works, how to do something, or how something was done.
• Exemplification - provides a series of examples - facts, specific cases, or instances - to turn a general idea into a concrete one.
• comparison and contrast - juxtaposing two things to highlight their similarities and differences
• comparison and contrast is organized in two-ways: subject-by-subject or point-by-point
• classification and division - sorting material or ideas into major categories so that connections can be made between things that might otherwise seem unrelated
• classification and division - used to find a distinctive way to break down a larger idea or concept into parts
• definition - lays the foundation for establishing a common ground or identifying areas of conflict
• definition - creates a common language for the speaker and the audience
• cause and effect - analyzes the cause that lead to a certain effect of the effects that result from a cause
• inter - a prefix from Latin, meaning "between" or "among"
• textuality - all of the attributes that distinguish the communicative content under analysis as an object of study
• intertextuality - the shaping of a text's meaning by another text
• the assignment of a text to a genre provides the audience of the text with a key intertextual framework
• hyper text - text only
• hyper media - not just text but also images, sounds, animation, or videos
• multimedia - linking images, videos, sounds, and texts
• hypertext - attachment of a link to a word so that upon clicking on that word, the reader is sent to the site attached
• who coined the words hypertext and hypermedia?

  ted nelson
• who did ted nelson work with to develop the hypertext editing system in 1968?

  andires van dam
• how did nelson described hypertext?

  a series of chunks connected by links that offer readers different pathways?
• what is hypertext?


  a non-linear or multi linear, non-sequential, nodal which allows for the reader's navigation control
• advantages of using hypertext?

  1. multiple pathways of inquiring
  2. individual learning
  3. reader learner control
  4. supports the connection of ideas
  5. some text is suited to hypertext
  6. creating new references
  7. critical thinking
  8. asynchronous communication
• what are the disadvantages of hypertextuality?

  1. paper based information is more comfortable to read
  2. computer/gadget is required
  3. reader's disorientation
  4. cognitive overhead
  5. causes eye strain
  6. too much control
• what does argumentative essay use to prove whether or not a thesis is true?

  evidence and facts
• argumentative writing - makes claims based on factual evidence
• argument/claim - a claim and supports is with reasons and evidence with sources.
• arguing your side makes you the proponent.
• counterargument/counterclaim - argument that stand in opposition to your argument/claim.
• counterargument - your opponent's argument that tries to explain why you are wrong
• refutation - disapprovement of opposing argument
• introduction - acquaints the reader with the topic and purpose of the paper
• introduction - generates the audience's interest in the topic
• methods for constructing an introduction

  1. personal anecdote
  2. example-real or hypothetical
  3. question
  4. quotation
  5. shocking statistics
  6. striking image
• thesis statement - lets the reader know the main idea of the paper