SCIENCE

• Food


  Substance that consists of chemical substances used by any living organism to sustain growth and repair, and to maintain vital processes
• Six major classes of nutrients

  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Fats
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
  • Water
• Carbohydrates


  Provide the body with energy
• Proteins


  Essential part of every living cell, tissue, and organ of the body (may be source of energy)
• Amino Acids


  Organic compounds that form the building blocks of proteins
• Fats (Lipids)


  Can provide more energy than carbohydrates and proteins, also act as insulators in the body to help regulate temperature
• Vitamins


  Essential in maintaining the body's biological functions
• Fat-soluble vitamins


  Stored in the body
• Water-soluble vitamins


  Excreted from the body when in excessive amounts
• Minerals


  Inorganic elements not manufactured by the body
• Water


  Helps in digestion, nutrient absorption, chemical reactions, and prevents constipation; acts as the body's coolant
• Digestive system

  1. Mouth and teeth (mechanical breakdown of food)

  2. Pharynx (after ingestion, food partially broken down and mixed with saliva)

  3. Esophagus (food goes through a smaller but longer muscular tube)

  4. Stomach (enlarged sacklike portion, principal organ of digestion)

  5. Small intestine (can measure 20-80 feet when stretched out)

  6. Large intestine (food that cannot be digested is deposited)

  7. Rectum and anus (storage and excretion of feces)
• Mouth and teeth


  • Digestion process begins here, mechanical breakdown of food occurs mainly in the mouth
• Chewing (mastication)


  • Breaks or tears food into smaller pieces to facilitate digestion
• Incisors and canines


  • Sharp teeth used to bite and tear down food
• Molars


  • Have a large surface area to help grind the food
• Tongue


  • A strong muscular organ
• Pharynx


  • Thinly lined, hollow, muscular tube found behind the mouth and before the esophagus
• Esophagus


  • Smaller but longer muscular tube
• Stomach


  • Enlarged sacklike portion of the digestive tract, composed of strong layers of muscles, principal organ of digestion
• Mucin


  Protects the stomach lining from the action of its own acid
• Pepsinogen


  Produced by the mucus cells and chief cells of the stomach, transformed into pepsin in an acidic environment
• Hydrochloric Acid


  Also known as stomach acid, acts as the activator of pepsinogen and is essential in destroying microorganisms left in the food
• Small Intestine


  Can measure 20-80 feet when stretched out
• Large Intestine


  Food that cannot be digested is deposited here
• Rectum and Anus


  Serve as the storage for feces before it is finally excreted
• Classifications of Carbohydrates

  • Polysaccharides
  • Disaccharides
  • Monosaccharides
• the desire or urgent need to eat

  Hunger
• the storage form of glucose

  Glycogen
• Common Disorders of Digestive System

  • GERD
  • Constipation
  • Diarrhea
  • Appendicitis
  • Abdominal Pain
  • Peptic Ulcer
  • Stomach Cancer
  • Colorectal Cancer
• A disorder that caused by frequent episodes of acid reflux

  GERD
• A disorder that which a condition that bowel movement is in frequent and difficult to excrete because of dry, hard stool

  Constipation
• A disorder that the opposite of constipation and is characterized by a software watery stool, increase frequency of excretion or both

  Diarrhea
• A disorder that caused by the blockage of hard mass of feces or parasitic infection that makes the appendix swell

  Appendicitis
• A disorder that is very common condition that may be described as mild pain, sharp pain, deep pain, or a stomach cramp

  Abdominal pain
• A disorder that are painful, open lesions in the stomach or in the duodenum of the small intestine

  Peptic ulcer
• A disorder that also known as gastric cancer

  Stomach cancer
• A disorder that is a malignancy in the area of the colon or rectum to the maybe diet-induced

  Colorectal cancer
• It is the awareness that you are full and should stop eating

  Satiety
• It is a force that exist between charges

  Electrical force