4𝙌 𝙈𝘼𝙋𝙀𝙃

• William G. Morgan — invented the game of volleyball in 1895.
• Volleyball — is becoming a popular sport in the Philippines.
• FIVB — is the governing body of all volleyball associations around the world.
• Mr. Elwood S. Brown — a physical director of YMCA, introduced volleyball in the Philippines.
• Volleyball court dimension:

  1. Center line
  2. Attack line
  3. End line
• Underhand serve — the player hold the ball on the opposite hitting hand
• Topspin serve — the player should toss the ball high enough so that the dominant arm will hit the ball.
• Overhand serve — the ball is held at about eye level
• Passing — basic skill in volleyball
• Types of passing:

  1. Forearm pass
  2. Overhead pass
• Forearm pass — the player should bring the forearms together to make a platform where the ball will rebound
• Overhead pass — is also known as the "set-up."
• Basic skills in volleyball:

  1. Serving
  2. Passing
  3. Spiking
  4. Blocking
• A gateway drug — is a legal drug, either stimulant or depressed that may act a "gateway."
• Teenagers — are more vulnerable to gateway drugs because they're risk takers and curious
• Gateway drugs:

  1. Tobacco & cigarettes
  2. Alcohol
• Nicotiana tabacum — also known as tobacco is a plant grown naturally that has been used for centuries
• Cigarette — is the most common tobacco product, which is smoked or burned.
• Alcohol — is another kind of gateway drug, it is depressant because it slows down the process of a person's central nervous system.
• Fermentation — most forms of alcohol are produced through this.
• Intoxication — alcohol cause this or the physical and mental changes that happen in the body
• Ethanol — is one type of alcohol intended for beverage drinks
• Isopropyl — used in laboratories and is poisonous and fatal if taken.
• Methanol — is also poisonous and can permanently damage the body.
• Short term effects of cigarette smoking:

  1. Discolored teeth
  2. Continuous coughing
  3. Excess mucus
• Long-term effects of cigarette smoking :

  1. Chronic respiratory diseases
  2. Cardiovascular diseases
  3. Cancers
  4. Other diseases and infections
• Indonesia — largest archipelago in the world that is made up of more than 13,000 islands.
• Indonesian music — has become an articulation of culture, it serves as a way to facilitate religious rituals.
• Thailand — independent country located in southeast Asia
• Thai music — was Greatly influenced by the Khmer kingdom
• Myanmar — the northernmost country in southeast asia
• Myanmar music —  is greatly influenced by china and thailand
• China — the world's third largest country after Russia and canada.
• Traditional Chinese music — can be traced back 7,000 – 8,000 years
• Horse-headed fiddle — bowed stringed-instrument famous for its unique carved horse head.
• Pipa — is a four-stringed lute with 30 frets.
• Erhu — also known as the Huqin, musical instrument from the western region
• Sheng — Chinese mouth organ
• Zheng — extended trapezoid
• Yunluo — ten small tuned gongs