GenPhysics

• +W = if the force and the displacement is at the same direction
• -W = if the force and the displacement is at opposite direction
• W 0 = if force and the displacement is perpendicular
• + W = as ∆KE increase; ∆PE decrease (-)
• • W = as ∆KE decrease; ∆PE increase (+)
• Electric Potential Energy

  Describes how much stored energy a charged has when moved by electrostatic charged
• • PE(E)  or U is used to denote Electric potential energy
  • SI unit is in Joules (J)
• Electric Potential Energy is the energy that is needed to move a charge
• For two-point charges

  
• for uniform E field

  
• Electric Potential

  • Is the amount of work needed to move a test charge from a reference point to a specific point against an electric field..
  • Simply the measure of the electric potential energy per unit of charge
  • Denoted as (V)

  With the SI unit Volts or J/C
• Electric Potential is expressed as:

  v=  PE/q or  v=  kq/r
• Capacitor

  • Is a device in which electrical energy can be stored (act as storehouse energy).
  • ·It is arranged and consist of two or more parallel conductive (metal) plates which are separated either by air or by some form of a good insulating material (waxed paper, mica, ceramic, plastic or some form of a liquid gel).
  • ·Vary in shape and size; they have many important applications in electronics.
• Dielectric is known as the non-conductive region. (insulating layer between capacitors plates)
• Capacitance

  • is the capacitor’s ability to store electric charge. (Basically, it is the charge efficiency, how much charge it can hold per volt.)
  • The capacitance of a capacitor is defined as the ratio of the magnitude of the charge and the ratio of the magnitude of the potential difference.
• Capacitance can be represented in miniscule amount, this are the commonly used scales

  •Microfarad: μF = 1x10⁻⁶𝐹

  •Nanofarad 𝑛F = 1x10⁻⁹ 𝐹

  •Picofarad 𝑝F = 1x10⁻¹² 𝐹
• Capacitance is mathematically expressed as:

  C = Coloumbs/volt
• Series Circuit

  All component are connected end-to end, forming a single path for current flow
• Parallel circuit

  All component are connected across each other, forming exactly two-sets of electrically points.
• Series

  1/Ct = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3
• Series

  Qt = Q1 = Q2 = Q3
• Parallel

  Ct = C1 + C2 + C3
• Parallel

  Vt = V1 = V2 = V3
• Q = CV
• For series circuit:

  the equivalent capacitance is always less than the individual capacitance
• For parallel circuit:

  the equivalent capacitance is greater than the individual capacitance.