population change

• Physical factors for population distribution

  • Soil - farming, water bodies
  • Accessibility to resources - sun, solar panel + wind turbines
  • Climate - lack of rainfall, natural disasters
  • Pests and disease
• Human factors for population distribution

  • Employment, stable government - police support + regulations
  • Crime, social security
  • Housing + education
  • Transport + infrastructure
• Population Distribution


  The spread of a population in a given area, can either be densely, moderately or sparsely distributed
• Diaspora


  Forced/voluntary disperal of a population sharing common ethnic/cultural or racial identity that have let their settled territory and migrated to a new area
• Population Density


  The number of people living in a given area, calculated by the population of the area and expressed in number of people per km2
• 53% of population lives in urban areas
• UN predicts that by 2030 this will have become 60%
• 85% of people live in the Northern Temperate Zone
• More than 2/3 of land inhabitated has more than 20 people per km2
• 85% of people live below 500m
• 40% of people live within 100 km of an ocean
• Increased population in countries with lack of contraceptives
• Africa's population will increase faster than that of Europe
• Internal migration


  Movement of people with an country either from rural -> urban, urban -> rural, r->r or u->u
• Positives of internal migration on the region of origin

  • Unemployment decreases
  • Decrease in people in area - meaning less demand on services which will increase its quality
  • Money made by those left will be sent back to family members left behind
• Negatives of internal migration on the region of origin

  • Brain drainage
  • Social problems remain for those left behind
  • Local business might suffer as decrease in customers
  • Loss of socio-cultural traditions
• Positives of internal migration on the destination


  • Bring innovation
  • Enriched with diversity and experiences
  • Job vacancies are filled
  • Attracts more investment - FDI
• Negatives of internal migration on the destination

  • Once limit reached can lead to unemployment
  • More security needed as crime might increase
  • Increased pressure on health care
  • Increased competition of wages
  • Migrants might be exploited
  • Integration difficulties -> tensions
• 34% of children under 1 die in rural vs 14% in urban
• 44K income in urban vs 19K in rural
• Better access to resources in urban areas e.g coast
• Rural suffers from brain drainage - so can't develop either
• Most move from the central to east -> Gaomonduing attracts more than Beijing
• Not much movement between the two
• Rural -> urban
• Hukuo

  150 million hukuo migrants - e.g have to pay higher rent, To control the amount of migrants, Might suffer from discrimination and be seen as inferior
• Megacities


  Cities that have more than 10 million people, Predicted that by 2030 there will be 30, Causes economic hub + global connections
• Advantages of megacities


  • Source of innovation
  • Employment increases in the population
  • Increased access to tech + ICT
  • Increase range of infrastructure
  • Good transport routes
  • Good and services are easily available
• Disadvantages of megacities


  • Slum development due to lack of housing
  • Air pollution
  • Crime
  • Not enough jobs available
  • Overcrowding
  • Terrorism
• Population of Lagos is 20 million -> 88 million by 2100
• Lagos contributes 60% of economic growth and 80% of Nigeria's industries
• Pull factors for migration to Lagos

  • Economic opportunites
  • Health care and raise standard of living
  • Education -68% got to secondary school in icty, in the rural 40% don't even attend primary
  • 2 seaports + international airport
  • Access to electricty + clean drinking water
• Roads aren't made to sustain the masses - 5million cars - 40% of population own one
• Increase in poluution, noise and traffic
• Dangerous level of air pollution - causing repsiraoty problems
• No proper waste management system, although the city produces 13 million kilos of waste per day
• Traffic hours avg. of 4 hours
• Bus Rapid Transit implementented, Decreases car usage, 200K passangers a day
• Wants to become the African model megacity
• Poor are more unstable, Forced out of their homes by the state, No compensation and relocated to areas with worse conditions