R&W

• Context clues


  Improve overall comprehensive reading skills as the reader is made to infer from things that are not outright
• Brainstorming list

  • Mainly to collect thoughts
  • Most effective in group settings
  • Allows everyone to get their ideas in, explain why, and have those ideas reviewed later
• Graphic organizer


  Differentiates itself from the simple brainstorming list by virtue of visual emphasis
• Outline


  • Considered as a plan for your writing project
  • Presented in the form of a list
  • Divided into headings (major topics) and subheadings (subtopics)
  • Headings and subheadings are separated so that it would be easy to distinguish the main points from the supporting ideas
• Thesis statement


  • The idea that ties your entire writing project together
  • The primary premise of the research which you then develop, support, and explain through examples and evidence
  • hensive paper
• Outline


  • The framework of the entire selection
  • The skeletal arrangement of the major and minor points usually presented in order of their appearance in the text
  • May be a topic outline or a sentence outline
• Topic outline


  A systematic arrangement of ideas, using broad topics in the form of words or simple phrases as headers
• Sentence outline


  • Best used after a narrowed-down brainstorming session
  • Once the topics have been selected, the research can begin from a jump-off point of one of two sentences that set the tone or pace for the subheading
• Narration


  • The most basic pattern of development
  • When a writer puts down an idea, he is then considered as the narrator of the literary work
• Components that build up a story

  • Logical actions
  • Way of narration
  • Terminology
• Concrete terms


  Words that identify things, places, and events that can be measured and observed
• Abstract terms


  Refer to ideas or concepts that are intangible, such as the concept of love, freedom, and feminism
• General terms


  Commonly used to denote groups
• Specific terms


  Used to denote specific things
• Description


  • The pattern of development which goes into details about a specific object, person, or location, in order to firmly set its appearance into the readers' minds
  • Objective description - factual and scientific characteristics
  • Subjective description - how the author sees a character or wants the reader to see a character
• Definition


  • The goal is to ensure that the reader understands unfamiliar terms used in the story
  • Scientific definition - very important for complex and technical terms
  • Subjective definition - defines objects in a more personal way
• Classification and exemplification


  The process by which a piece of information becomes classified according to a specific category
• Comparison and contrast


  Typically occurs between two entities by presenting their similarities and differences based on their characteristics or features