CHAPTER 3

    Cards (117)

    • Emulsion -  It consist of crystals of light-sensitive compound (silver nitrate) evenly distributed throughout plastic base material. Silver Halide emulsions universally sensitive ultra-violet radiations and some wavelengths of blue-light. Gelatin is universally used as the medium that holds the crystals in the emulsions.
    • Gray/Anti-Halation Backing - It is placed between the emulsions and the plastic base of a film to prevent whatever light passes through the emulsion and reflected by the base back to the emulsion which forms halo.
    • Base - these are made of plastic material. They serve as a support.
    • Color Reversal Film - Commonly called slide film or color positive film, creates the opposite of color negative film or black and white film. Instead of creating negative to be printed to a positive, the slide film is a positive of the image. As such, the slide film produces extremely rich and vibrant colors that come closer to the actual colors and tones present during exposure.
    • COLOR NEGATIVE FILM - It is also known as color print film, is the type of film usually found in convenience stores. Color negative film is very much "What you see is what you get" when it comes to coloration. It yields true to life colors and contrast, which is preferred by portrait and wedding photographers.
    • It is suffix "color" being given to negative or non-reversal film. Its example are as follows: Kodacolor, Fujicolor, Agfacolor and so on and so forth.
    • ASA (AmericanStandardsAssociation)
       -- Expressed in arithmetic value system
       -- The higher the number, the more sensitive the film is
       -- ASA 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1000 
    • DIN (DeutcheIndustreNormen)
       -- Expressed in logarithmic value system
       -- Used in the same principle as the ASA (3 degrees)
       -- DIN 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 30, 33
    • ISO (InternationalStandardsOrganization)
       -- Expressed in combination of ASA and DIN ratings
    • Photographic Paper - Sensitized material that will record the visible image in the final development and become the photograph
    • Silver chloride paper
       -- Used for contact printing 
       -- Size of the positive print is the same as the size of the negative used. Sensitivity to light is low and gives blue-black tones when properly developed
    • Silver bromide paper
       -- Used in projection, printing and enlarging process.
       -- Most ideal paper used in police photography.
       -- Will give black tones when properly developed
    • Silver Chlorobromide Paper
       -- Used for both projection and contact printing
       -- Slow emulsion
       
    • Variable contract paper
       -- Combines the contrast range in one paper 
       -- Uses a special chlorobromide emulsion that produces varying contrast responses upon exposure to different colors of light
    • Light Weight
       -- Designed for high flexibility and when paper thickness is not of consideration                                -- Intended for purposes which involved folding
    • Single Weight
       -- Used for small prints or which are needed to be mounted on solid fine details necessary in the production
       -- Used in ordinary photographic purposes
    • Double Weight
       -- Generally used for large prints because they stand up under rough treatment
    • Glossy Paper
       -- Designed for fine details and brilliant image formation
    • Semi-matte Paper
       -- Obscure fine details
    • Rough Paper
       -- Used for large prints or where breath rather than detail is necessary
    • Velox No. 0
       -- Used for printing extremely contrast negative or extremely exposed film
    • Velox No. 1
       -- Used for high contrast negative or over exposed film
    • Velox No. 2
       -- Used for normal exposed film
    • Velox No. 3
       -- Used for negative with weak contrast or underexposed film
    • Velox No. 4
       -- Used to provide sufficient contrast to compensate for very thin or weak negatives
       -- Useful imprinting if high contrast is desired
    • Velox No. 5
       -- For flat negatives that are unprintable
    • Chemical Process - Process of making the latent image visible and permanent
    • Acetic Acid and Boric Acid
       -- Serves as neutralizer
    • Sodium Sulfate
       -- Serves as the preservative
    • Potassium Bromide (ALUM)
       -- Restrainer or Hardener
    • Sodium Bicarbonate and Borax Powder
       -- Serves as accelerator
    • Dodging
       -- Process of eliminating unwanted portion of the negative during enlarging
    • Cropping
       -- Process of omitting an object during the process of enlarging and printing
    • Vignetting
       -- Gradual fading of the image towards the side through skillful adjustment on the dodging board
    • Dye Toning
       -- Process designed in changing the color of the photograph
    • A camera is an optical instrument that records images that can be stored directly, transmitted to another location, or both.
    • The term camera comes from the word camera obscura (Latin for "dark chamber"), an early mechanism for projecting images.
      The modern camera evolved from the camera obscura & functioning of the camera is very similar to the functioning of the human eye.
    • Cameras evolved from the camera obscura, and continued to change through many generations of photographic technology, including Daguerre types, callow types, dry platesfilm, and digital cameras.
    • Photographic cameras were a development of the camera obscura, a device dating back to the ancient Chinese, and ancient Greeks, which uses a pinhole or lens to project an image of the scene outside upside-down onto a viewing surface.
    • After NiĆ©pce's death in 1833, his partner Louis Daguerre continued to experiment and by 1837 had created the first practical photographic process, which he named the daguerreotype and publicly unveiled in 1839.