Micro para

• Based on their cell structure, microbes can be classified as prokaryotic and eukaryotic
• Chlorophyll is the primary pigment used by algae for photosynthesis
• Unicellular algae


  • Chlamydomonas
• Protozoa


  Single-celled eukaryotic organisms
• Protozoa


  • The organelle responsible for locomotion is the flagellum
• Parasitic protozoan


  • Plasmodium, which causes malaria
• Shapes of bacteria


  • Cocci (spherical)
  • Bacilli (rod-shaped)
  • Spirilla (spiral-shaped)
• How we defend against bacteria using antibiotics

  1. Targeting specific bacterial structures or functions

  2. Disrupting their growth

  3. Killing them
• Bacterial cell wall


  • Provides structural support and protection
• Bacteria that can fix atmospheric nitrogen

  • Rhizobium
• How bacteria acquire nutrition

  • Absorption
  • Photosynthesis
  • Ingesting organic matter
• Cyanobacteria obtain energy through photosynthesis
• Five kingdoms of life

  • Animalia
  • Plantae
  • Fungi
  • Protista
  • Monera
• Bacteria would be classified in the kingdom Monera according to the Whittaker system
• Bacteria


  • Lack of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
• Algae used as food by humans

  • Chlorella
• How we defend against bacteria using our immune system

  1. Phagocytosis

  2. Antibody production

  3. Inflammation
• Protozoa that causes disease in humans

  • Plasmodium, which causes malaria
• Types of bacterial cell walls

  • Gram-positive
  • Gram-negative
• Antibiotics specifically target bacterial cells by interfering with processes unique to bacteria, such as cell wall synthesis or protein production
• Bacteria that produces endospores for survival in harsh conditions

  • Bacillus anthracis
• Bacterial cell membrane


  • Primary components are phospholipids and proteins
• Bacterial locomotion


  • Through flagella or by gliding along surfaces
• Protozoa that moves by pseudopodia

  • Amoeba
• How protists obtain nutrition

  • Absorption
  • Ingestion
  • Photosynthesis
• Algae are distinguished from other microorganisms in terms of nutrition by their ability to perform photosynthesis
• Bacteria commonly used in the production of yogurt

  • Lactobacillus bulgaricus
• How the immune system recognizes and responds to bacterial infection

  Detection of bacterial components such as cell wall molecules or toxins
• Sources of energy for protozoa

  • Organic matter
  • Photosynthesis (in some species)
  • Engulfing other organisms
• Bacteria found in the human gut that aids in digestion

  • Lactobacillus acidophilus