HA

• Posterior


  Back
• Anterior


  Front
• Supine


  Body faced up
• Horizontal


  Landscape line
• Vertical 


  Portrait line
• Inferior


  Down
• Superior


  Up
• Vasodilation

  Expand blood vessel
• Vasoconstriction 


  constrict blood vessels
• Distal


  Away from
• PAD


  Peripheral Arterial Disease
• PVD


  Peripheral Venous Disease
• Dependent rubor

  Dusky-red discoloration of lower extremeties
• Cardiovascular System

  • Organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, body cells
  • Circulatory system
• Cardiovascular system consist

  • Heart
  • blood vessels
  • 5 liters of blood
• Heart

  • Muscular pump
  • Forces blood into system of vessels made of arteries, veins, and capillaries
  • Generates BP
  • Route blood
  • Ensure one way flow
  • Regulation of blood supply
• Heart appearance

  • Size of fist
  • Hollow, cone-shaped heart has a mass of 250-350 grams-less than a pound
• What is the black arrow

  • Base

  
• What is the blue arrow

  • Apex

  
• Location of heart

  Mediastinum
• Base of heart location

  Extends vertically from the left second and fifth intercostal space and horizontally from the right edge of the sternum to the left midclavicular line.
• Apex location of the heart

  Points inferiorly toward the left hip
• 4 borders of heart

  • Superior border
  • Inferior border
  • Left border
  • Right border
• Mediastinum

  • Central compartment of the thoracic cavity
  • surrounded by loose connective tissue
  • contains group of structures within the thorax
• Precordium

  • Before Heart
  • part of front chest wall
  • overlays the heart and epigastrium
• Pericardial Cavity is formed by

  Pericardium
• Covering of heart

  Pericardial cavity/Pericardial sac
• Pericardial sac

  Surrounds the heart and anchors within the midiastinum
• 2 layers of pericardial sac

  • Fibrous pericardium
  • Serous pericardium
• Pericardium

  • Contains pericardial fluids
  • 2 layers: Parietal pericardium, Visceral pericardium (epicardium)
• Parietal pericardium

  Lines the fibrous pericardium
• Visceral pericardium (epicardium)


  lines the surface of the heart
• Heart wall

  • Epicardium (outer layer)
  • Myocardium (middle layer)
  • Endocardium (inner layer)
• Myocardium 


  contraction of chambers
• Endocardium

  Allows blood move easily through the heart
• what are the four chambers of the heart

  • Right atrium
  • left atrium
  • right ventricle
  • left ventricle
• How are each sides of the heart divided

  By the septum
• The cause of division by the septum:

  • Interatrial septum
  • Inter-ventricular septum
• Atria

  • Top chambers
  • Receiving chambers of blood returning from circulation
  • smaller, pushes blood to the ventricles
• Ventricles

  • Larger
  • Lower chamber
  • right pumps: pulmonary circuit (lungs)
  • Left pumps: systematic circuit (all body tissue)