HEAT AND ELECTRICITY

• HEAT

  • is a form of energy.
  • Can be expressed in terms of unit Calorie and Joule.
  • The calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water to 1°C.
• THERMAL ENERGY

  • refers to the energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature.
  • the hotness or coldness of an object or system
• INTERNAL ENERGY

  • refers to the total energy in a closed system of molecules, considering the kinetic and potential energies.
• A hot object contains high amount of thermal energy and when this is transferred into a cold object, it is now called heat.
• Heat is Thermal Energy in transit/transfer.
• The direction of energy is always from a warmer object to a relatively cooler object.
• Heat is a measure of the internal energy that has been absorbed or transferred from one body to another.
• Heating – the process of increasing the internal energy.
• Cooling – the process of decreasing the internal energy.
• TEMPERATURE


  • is a measure of the degree of hotness or coldness of an object.
  • We can describe the temperature in terms of Celsius (C), Fahrenheit (F), Kelvin, and Rankine.
  • The instrument we used to measure this is the thermometer.
• Internal energy is dependent on the amount of substance. The greater the amount of substance, the higher the internal energy.
• Internal energy is also proportional to the temperature of the substance. Hence, giving off heat decreases the internal energy. It decreases the temperature as well.
• CONDUCTION - is the process by which heat occurs through a medium from one point to another.
• CONDUCTORS


  Materials through which heat energy passes through
• INSULATORS

  Materials that do not allow heat to pass through
• CONVECTION - is the process wherein thermal energy is transmitted from one material to another by the movement of heated particles of a fluid
• The movement of liquids and gases to warmer region produces current.
• Radiation involves the form of energy called radiant energy
• radiant energy – energy that moves through space.
• The body’s temperature decreases as it emits infrared radiation.
• ELECTRICITY

  It is also called electrical energy.

  It is a collective term describing a phenomenon also associated with the interaction between electrically charged particles.
• ELECTRICAL ENERGY


  A form of energy that comes from electrically charged

  bodies such as ions and electrons
• Electric Charge is a fundamental property of matter. It is an intrinsic characteristic associated with atomic particles, the electron and proton.
• NUCLEUS - is a core containing most of the mass of the atom in the form of protons and neutrons.
• ELECTRON – negatively charged particle found outside the nucleus
• PROTON – positively charged particle
• NEUTRON – neutrally charged particle
• Like charges repel, and opposite charges attract.
• Triboelectric Effect is the phenomena of the electrical effects that arise from contact between two materials.
• The process of rubbing two materials together and separating them to produce the below effect is called electrification or charging by contact.

  
• CHARGING is a process by which an insulator or an insulated conductor receives a net charge.
• Charging can be done by friction, conduction, and induction.
• CHARGING BY FRICTION

  • the process in which the body gets charged when it is rubbed against another body.
• CHARGING BY CONDUCTION

  • requires contact between a neutral body and a charged object.
  • also called charging by contact.
  • produces similar charges.
• Charging by

  A) conduction

  
• CHARGING BY INDUCTION

  • produces opposite charges.
  • A body gets charged by a charged object without touching each other.
• INDUCTION

  • the process by which an electrical conductor becomes electrified when near a charged body
• RADIATION – is the transfer of heat by electromagnetic (EM) waves. It can take place in a vacuum.