purposive comm

• Communication


  May be classified according to mode, context, purpose and style
• Types of Non-verbal communication

  • Proxemics (study of space)
  • Chronemics (study of time)
  • Kinesics (study of bodily movement)
  • Haptics (study of touching)
  • Iconics (study of objects)
• Proxemics


  • Public space (12 to 25 feet)
  • Personal space (2 to 4 feet)
  • Social space (4 to 10 feet)
  • Intimate space (1 foot)
• Visual communication


  Type of communication that uses visual to convey information and/or messages
• Intrapersonal communication


  Communication within oneself
• Interpersonal communication


  Communication between or among people
• Extended communication


  Communication involving the use of electronic media
• Organizational communication


  Communication in organizational contexts
• Types of formal organizational communication

  • Downward communication
  • Upward communication
  • Horizontal communication
  • Crosswise communication
• Informal organizational communication


  Communication through unofficial channels, often due to dissatisfaction and uncertainty
• Intercultural communication


  Communication between or among people with different linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and professional backgrounds
• Formal communication


  Communication employing formal language delivered orally or in written form, with objectives to entertain, inform, or persuade
• Informal communication


  Personal and ordinary conversations, with objectives to socialize and enhance relationships
• Non-verbal communication


  • Non-verbal supplements verbal message
  • Non-verbal guides verbal message
  • Non-verbal substitutes verbal message
• Types of non-verbal communication

  • Proxemics (study of space)
  • Chronemics (study of time)
  • Kinesics (study of bodily movement)
  • Haptics (study of touching)
  • Iconics (study of objects)
• Proxemics


  • Public space (12 to 25 feet)
  • Personal space (2 to 4 feet)
  • Social space (4 to 10 feet)
  • Intimate space (1 foot)
• Visual communication


  Type of communication that uses visual to convey information and/or messages (symbols, photos, graphs maps electronic symbols such as emotions and animations)
• Intrapersonal communication


  Communication within oneself (self-talk, inner talk, inner monologue, self verbalization or self statement)
• Interpersonal communication


  Communication between or among people
• Extended communication


  Communication involving the use of electronic media (television, radio, phone conferencing, video conferencing skype calls)
• Organizational communication


  Communication focused on the role that communication plays in organizational contexts
• Types of formal organizational communication

  • Downward communication (from upper to lower positions)
  • Upward communication (from lower to upper positions)
  • Horizontal communication (among people at the same level)
  • Crosswise communication (among people from different departments or units)
• Informal organizational communication


  Communication that comes from unofficial channels (grapevine, gossip)
• Intercultural communication


  Communication between or among people having different linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and professional backgrounds
• Formal communication


  Communication that employs formal language delivered orally or in written form (Lectures, reports, research, and project proposals, public speeches, business letters)
• Formal communication


  • Main objectives: to entertain, to inform, to persuade
• Informal communication


  Personal and ordinary conversations with friends, family members, or acquaintances
• Informal communication


  • Main objectives: to socialize, to enhance relationship
• Language register


  The formality of language which one speaks
• Types of language register

  • Formal
  • Informal
• Formal register


  • President delivering his state of the nation address
  • A priest delivering his homily
  • Project proposals
  • Business letters
• Informal register


  More casual in tone and is appropriate for people with whom one has established a more personal relationship as in the case of friends and relatives
• Five types of language register


  • Frozen
  • Formal
  • Consultative
  • Casual
  • Intimate
• Frozen register


  Also called the static register, refers to historic language or communication that is intended to remain unchanged
• Frozen register


  • The Bible
  • The United States Constitution
  • The Bhagavad Gita
  • "Romeo and Juliet"
• Formal register


  Less rigid but still constrained, used in professional, academic, or legal settings where communication is expected to be respectful, uninterrupted, and restrained. Slang is never used, and contractions are rare.
• Formal register


  • A TED talk
  • A business presentation
  • The Encyclopedia Brittanica
  • "Gray's Anatomy" by Henry Gray
• Consultative register


  Often used in conversation when they're speaking with someone who has specialized knowledge or who is offering advice. Tone is often respectful (use courtesy titles). Slang is sometimes used, people may pause or interrupt one another.
• Consultative register


  • The local TV news broadcast
  • An annual physical
  • A service provider like a plumber
• Casual register


  Use when they're with friends, close acquaintances and co-workers, and family. Use of slang, contractions, and vernacular grammar is all common, and people may also use expletives or off-color language in some settings.