DRRR

• Fire hazards

  Conditions that favor fire development or growth
• Fire or combustion

  A chemical reaction between oxygen and a combustible fuel
• Components of fire

  • Oxygen
  • Heat
  • Fuel
• Natural causes of fire

  • Lightning
  • Volcanic activities
  • Spontaneous combustion
• Man-made causes of fire

  • Cooking equipment
  • Heaters
  • Smoking in bedrooms
  • Candles
  • Curious children
  • Faulty wiring
  • Lightning
  • Flammable liquids
• Classes of fire

  • Class A
  • Class B
  • Class C
  • Class D
  • Class K
• Class A fire


  Involve common combustibles such as wood, paper, cloth, rubber, trash, and plastics
• Class B fire


  Involve flammable liquids, solvents, oil, gasoline, propane, butane, paints, lacquers, and other oil-based products or petroleum-based products
• Class C fire


  Involve energized electrical equipment
• Class D fire


  Involve combustible metals such as magnesium, lithium, potassium, and titanium
• Class K fire


  Involve combustible cooking materials such as oils and grease commonly found in kitchens
• Fire extinguishers


  Portable devices used to extinguish small fires or reduce their destruction before firefighters arrive
• Types of fire extinguishers

  • Water
  • Foam
  • Dry powder
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Wet chemical
• Ways to put out a fire

  • Cool the burning material
  • Exclude oxygen
  • Remove the fuel
  • Break the chemical reaction
• Safety measures

  • Smoke alarm
  • Fire extinguisher
  • Emergency exit plan
• Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)


  Systematic efforts to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks, to avoid, or to limit the effects of hazards
• Steps in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

  • Risk identification
  • Risk analysis
  • Risk prioritization
  • Risk treatment
  • Monitoring and evaluation
• DRR is undertaken before and during the disaster, so it only covers mitigation, preparedness and response
• Mitigation


  Measures undertaken to minimize the long-term risk or effect of the disaster
• Preparedness


  Actions or measures to ensure that the community, organizations, or people can respond effectively once the disaster occurs
• Disaster management


  The entire array of activities aimed at reducing the severity of impact of the disaster-causing event which are undertaken before, during, and after a disaster
• Stages of disaster management

  • Pre-event (risk assessment, mitigation/prevention, preparedness)
  • During event (emergency response)
  • Post-event (recovery, rehabilitation, reconstruction)
• Community-based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (CBDRRM)

  Empowers the people by recognizing and emphasizing the value of communities and local organizations, and engages in communities in all phases of the disaster management cycle
• Capacity


  Ability to reduce the probability of failure through risk reduction measures, to reduce the consequences of failure, and to reduce recovery time and patterns of vulnerability during reconstruction
• Resilience


  Capacity to respond or recover quickly from disaster
• Roles in disaster management

  • National government (formulate policies and warnings)
  • Predictions and warnings (indispensable preparedness tools)
  • Insiders (local government, local people, laborers)
  • Outsiders (NGOs, private sectors, UN)