Asian Nationalism (West Asia)

• Cyprus

  Country dominated by the Ottoman Turks until 1878, then taken by the British government as a protectorate after the Cyprus Convention, where Britain agreed to support the Ottoman Empire against Russia in its battle for territories in the Middle East. Cypriots have a strong identity of their own culture, relating themselves to the Greek. An anti-British nationalistic group called EOKA was established to end foreign rule. Cyprus was recognized as an independent state on August 16, 1960 after a treaty was made together with the United Kingdom, Turkey, and Greece.
• Georgia

  Fell under the Ottoman Empire in 1453, then the Russian Empire challenged the Ottomans until they became the new "imperial power" in the 1800s. The first movement towards Georgian Nationalism was led by Prince Ilia Chavchavadze, leader of a social movement dubbed the Pirveli Dasi, or First Group. Georgia enjoyed a short-lived independence from 1918 to 1921, while being part of the Soviet Union. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Georgia assumed independence through a referendum on the 9th of April, 1991.
• Iraq

  Britain took Iraq from the Ottoman Turks during World War 1. In 1920, Britain was granted the right to govern the land by the League of Nations, as written in the Treaty of Sevres. A Hashemite monarchy also known as the Royal House of Hashim came from Jordan and was imposed as rulers. Two types of nationalism stemmed within the region-first variant, views of a unified nation consisting of Arab, Turkmen, Assyrian, and Kurdish. Their common ground comes from Mesopotamian heritage. The second variant is the link between Iraq and the Arab peninsula as a whole. Iraq was admitted to the League of Nations and was one of the founding countries for the Arab League, which marked its official status as an independent state on October 3, 1932.
• Turkey

  At the conclusion of World War I in 1918, the Armistice of Mudros embodied a peace agreement between the Ottoman Empire and Allies. The Allies were given the authority to rule over Constantinople (now known as Turkey). The War of Independence broke out (1919-1922) led by Mustafa Kemal. He aligned Islamic principies and ideals towards nationalism. On 29 October 1923, the Grand National Assembly proclaimed the Republic of Turkey, and Mustafa Kemal became its first president. In 1934, Kemal was given the title "Atatürk" which means "Father of the Turks for his role in the Turkish nationalistic movement.
• Yemen


  After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1918, the land was divided into two, due to ideological differences and tribal tensions. North Yemen became an independent republic influenced by Saudi Arabia, while South Yemen continued under British supervision until 1967. Yemenis were reunited after Ali Abdullah Saleh (North Yemen) and Ali Salem al Beidh (South Yemen) approved a draft of a "unity constitution" drawn up in 1981. The draft highlighted a demilitarized border and passage of all Yemenis, no matter which side they are on. Efforts toward unification continued until May 22, 1990, the Republic of Yemen's independence was declared.