circulatory system

• Heart the main organ in your

  cardiovascular system, is vital for

  life. Its parts work together to

  move blood through your body in a

  coordinated way. It constantly

  sends oxygen to your cells and

  takes away waste.
• • sac that surrounds the heart is pericardium
• the pericardium apex is fused with the roots of

  the great vessels while broad

  base is fused with diaphragm
• Feel the walls of lower part of the

  heart. does one side feel thicker

  than the other? Which side is

  thicker?

  the muscle of the left ventricle is

  much thicker and better

  developed than that of the right

  ventricle

  Note the two large veins entering

  the right atrium. What are they

  called?

  Superior vena cava and Inferior

  vena cava
• Note how many leaves there are to

  the valve between the right atrium

  and right ventricle. Name this valve

  Tricuspid valve
• What do you call the lining of the

  heart? endocardium
• What are the muscles called?

  papillary muscles.
• What are the strings called? chordae

  tendineae
• What are their functions?

  Papillary muscles: Prevent inversion or prolapse

  of the atrioventricular valves during ventricular

  contraction.

  Chordae tendineae: Anchor the valve leaflets in

  place and prevent them from bulging backward

  into the atria during ventricular contraction.
• What are the vessels entering the left

  atrium?

  The vessels entering the left atrium

  are the pulmonary veins, which

  carry oxygenated blood from the

  lungs back to the heart.

  QUESTIONS:

  How many cusps does the valve

  between the left atrium and left

  ventricle have?

  The valve between the left atrium

  and left ventricle has two cusps.

  What is this valve called?

  This valve is called the mitral valve

  or bicuspid valve.
• How many flaps are there on the valve

  between the left ventricle and the

  aorta?

  The valve between the left ventricle

  and the aorta has three flaps, also

  known as cusps.

  Name this valve

  This valve is called the aortic valve.
• name two small openings just above the valve flaps.

  The two small openings just above the valve flaps are called the coronary arteries. Where do these vessels carry blood to?

  These vessels carry blood to the heart muscle itself, providing oxygen and nutrients to keep the heart functioning properly.
• Deoxygenated blood pass through the inferior and superior vena cava to the right atrium then tricuspid valve then right ventricle to the pulmonary valve then pulmonary artery then to the lungs where the deoxygenated blood will be oxygenated the to the pulmonary veins then left atrium then mitral or bicuspid valve then left ventricle then aortic valve to the aorta then to the every part of the body
• blood - It is a special fluid primarily contained within the blood vessels.
• rbc- carry oxygen, nutrients and wastes
• WBC- fight diseases and protect the body from infection
• Platelets - gather at the site of injury and help the clotting process
• plasma- straw-coloured liquid where the other components float in
• lightest to heaviest- plasma,wbc and platelets, rbc
• • Neutrophil - the most numerous type, help protect the body against infections by killing and ingesting bacteria and fungi and by ingesting foreign debris.
• Lymphocyte - consist of 3 main types: T cells (T lymphocytes) and natural killer cells, which both help protect against viral infections and can detect and destroy some cancer cells, and B cells (B lymphocytes), which develop into cells that produce antibodies.
• monocyte - is a type of white blood cell and a type of phagocyte. ingest dead or damaged cells and help defend against many infectious organisms.
• Eosinophils - a type of white blood cell that protect your body from parasites, allergens, foreign bacteria and outside organisms. Eosinophils are larger than most cells and make up less than 5% of all white blood cells in your body.
• Basophils - also participate in allergic responses. A type of immune cell that has granules (small particles) with enzymes that are released during allergic reactions and asthma. A basophil is a type of white blood cell and a type of granulocyte.
• blood vessels - These are tubes or channels that carry blood throughout our body.
• artery - It has the thickest wall of all three, allowing it to withstand the high pressure created by the heart.
• capillary - It has the thinnest wall to allow substances such as oxygen and sugars to pass through its wall—into or out of the blood.
• vein - It is less muscular and stretchy than an artery, so blood moves through it with low pressure. It also has a special valve that helps blood go only one way.
• artery- Carries blood away from the heart
• capillary - Assists in the exchange of substances between the blood and tissues
• vein - Carries blood back towards the heart
• temporal - side of the head, just in front of the ear
• Carotid - Below the jaw angle, beside the trachea
• Axillary - In the armpit area
• Radial - On the bottom of the wrist near the base of the thumb
• Brachial - Inside of the elbow
• Femoral - In the groin area
• Popliteal - Behind the knee
• Posterior Tibial - On the inner side of the ankle
• Dorsalis Pedis - On the upper side of the foot