EL02 FINALS

• Kinesics


  The study of hand, arm, body, and face movements

  The word kinesics comes from the root word kinesis, which means “movement,” and refers to the study of hand, arm, body, and face movements.
• Adaptors


  • Touching behaviors and movements that indicate internal states typically related to arousal or anxiety
• Emblems


  • Gestures that have a specific agreed-on meaning
• Illustrators


  • The most common type of gesture and are used to illustrate the verbal message they accompany
• Head movements and posture


  • A head nod is a universal sign of acknowledgement in cultures where the formal bow is no longer used as a greeting
• Eye contact


  • Regulates interaction and provide turn-taking signals
  • Monitors communication by receiving nonverbal communication from others
  • Signals cognitive activity
  • Expresses engagement
  • Conveys intimidation
  • Expresses flirtation
  • Establishes rapport or connection
• Kinesics


  The study of hand, arm, body, and face movements
• Adaptors


  • Touching behaviors and movements that indicate internal states typically related to arousal or anxiety
• Emblems


  • Gestures that have a specific agreed-on meaning
• Illustrators


  • The most common type of gesture and are used to illustrate the verbal message they accompany
• Head movements and posture

  • A head nod is a universal sign of acknowledgement in cultures where the formal bow is no longer used as a greeting
• Eye contact


  • Regulates interaction and provide turn-taking signals
  • Monitors communication by receiving nonverbal communication from others
  • Signals cognitive activity
  • Expresses engagement
  • Conveys intimidation
  • Expresses flirtation
  • Establishes rapport or connection
• Facial expressions


  • The most expressive part of our bodies, basic facial expressions are recognizable by humans all over the world
• Haptics


  The study of communication by touch
• Types of touch


  • Functional-professional
  • Social-polite
  • Friendship-warmth
  • Love-intimacy
  • Sexual-arousal
• Vocalics


  The study of paralanguage, which includes the vocal qualities that go along with verbal messages, such as pitch, volume, rate, vocal quality, and verbal fillers
• Vocalic cues


  • Help convey meaning, regulate conversational flow, and communicate the intensity of a message
  • Reinforce other verbal and nonverbal cues
  • Elaborate on or modify verbal and nonverbal meaning
  • Allow us to emphasize particular parts of a message
  • Can take the place of other verbal or nonverbal cues
  • Help regulate the flow of conversations
  • May contradict other verbal or nonverbal signals
• Proxemics


  The study of how space and distance influence communication
• Zones of personal space

  • Public space (12 feet or more)
  • Social space (4-12 feet)
  • Personal space (1.5-4 feet)
  • Intimate space (less than 1.5 feet)
• Territoriality


  An innate drive to take up and defend spaces
• Chronemics


  The study of how time affects communication
• Types of time


  • Biological time
  • Personal time
  • Physical time
  • Cultural time
• Polychronic people


  Keep more flexible schedules and may engage in several activities at once
• Monochronic people


  Tend to schedule their time more rigidly and do one thing at a time
• High context cultures


  Have a communication style based on body language, tone, and overall context, tend to leave some things unsaid
• Low context cultures


  Are more straightforward and explicit in communication, are quite direct and mean what they say as they said it
• Power distance


  The perceived degree of inequality among people
• Examples of high-power-distance societies

  • Mexico
  • India
  • Saudi Arabia
• Examples of low-power-distance societies

  • Australia
  • Canada
  • New Zealand
  • the United States
• Globalization


  A term used to describe how trade and technology have made the world into a more connected and interdependent place
• Cultural convergence


  A trend where two cultures that interact a lot start to appear more similar to each other
• Global village


  The world viewed as a community in which distance and isolation have been dramatically reduced by electronic media
• Cultural divergence


  Occurs when cultures become more different from other cultures
• Emerging market


  An economy that is becoming a developed nation and is determined to improve many socio-economic factors
• Global trade


  The import and export of goods and services across international boundaries
• Developed nations


  Also called an industrialized country, has a mature and sophisticated economy, usually measured by gross domestic product (GDP) and/or average income per resident
• Sustainable prosperity


  The idea that people and economies should prosper, but they should do so in a way that can withstand shocks, ensure a good quality of life, and avoid overshooting planetary boundaries
• Unemployment


  Occurs when someone is willing and able to work but does not have a paid job
• Developing nation


  A country which, relative to other countries, has a lower average standard of living
• Global economy


  Refers to the interconnected worldwide economic activities that take place between multiple countries