Theme 1

• What is a verb?

  A verb is a word that describes an action, occurrence or state of being.

  E.g. walk, eat
• What is a noun?

  A word that names a person, place or thing or idea
• What is an adjective?

  An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun.
• What is an adverb?

  An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb and typically answers questions such as how, when, where, or to what extent.
• What is a metaphor?

  A metaphor is a phrase which creates an image by saying a person or object is something else
• What is the Eckert (2000) 'The jocks and the Burnouts' Theory?

  • Eckert put forward the idea of the role of social practice (what we share when we, as speakers, engage in an activity together.
  • She established 2 different groups in school, the Jocks and the burnouts. They each contain a mix of social classes (occupation, housing and parental, etc.)
  • The Jocks engaged and enjoyed the school life.
  • The Burnouts chose not to be involved with the school dynamic.
  • Eckert found that people tend to speak like their friends - who share social practices - than others belonging in the same demographic category (like social class)
• What is the Uri Berland (1997) Theory?

  • Use of tags 'innit' 'yeah' and 'right'
  • It is the finding of different groups of teenagers that concluded that social class was also an important factor to the way we speak.
  • 'Innit' was more common among the working class, whilst 'yeah' was used more by middle class teenagers
  • There was also evidence that 'okay' was used more by boys.
• What is Linguistic Determination?

  Some theories argue that language controls the way that we think, as the language we learn to use teaches us to perceive the world in certain ways.
• What is reflectionism?

  Language reflects the way that we think.
• What does linguistic engineering do?

  It brings laws into place to prevent language that is negative.
• What does Political Correctness do?

  Is to eradicate terms that are offensive to minority groups and women
• What is Lexical asymmetry?

  Shows how male and female words are unequal
• In a marked term, the diminutive suffix of 'ess' denotes from hostess which deviates from the male norm 'host'
• What is production and reception?

  The tone in which the piece was produced (written, film or advert) and how its received by different audiences (past and present)
• What is a hyperbole?

  Exaggerated statements or phrases
• What is a colloquialism?

  a word or phrase that is not formal and is used in ordinary or familiar conversation.
• What is a declarative sentence?

  A statement
• Name some context around the 1980s and the 2000s:

  • For the first time queer culture was around
  • The challenge of gender norms was on the rise
  • The freedom of speech for women was on the rise and so was the embracing of androgyny (embracing both female and male characteristics)
  • However, censorship and control remained at an all time high. (things that politically unacceptable was banned / things in books)
• See all questions written in books!!!!!!!!!!
• What is the modern Theory of Janet Hyde (2005)?

  She found that socially and emotionally there were few differences between men and women and that gender stereotypes are reinforced by wider society.
• What is Deborah Cameron's Theory of 2007 which is the myth of Venus and Mars?

  Cameron found that there were more differences within genders (i.e. different personality characteristics), than between genders, debunking popularized myths that personality characteristics are gender specific.
• At the time of the 80s, music was a reaction to Margaret Thatcher and the government as she hated rock music. Rock bands were controversial. The sex pistols got cancelled.
• What is the timeline of gender equality in women?

  • 1870 - The Women's property act - This allowed married women to own their own property, women who were marries, divorced or widowed to keep their property.
  • 1928- Women's voting age lowered - All women over 21 - now equal to men
  • 1975 - Sex Discrimination Act - Makes it illegal to discriminate against women in work, education and training
  • 1985 - New equal pay act - Allows women to be paid the same as men for equal work value
  • 1999 - Childcare for under 5s - Allowed both Men and Women to take up the 13 weeks off to care.
• What is Judith Butler's Gender Responsibility Theory of 1990?

  Rather than viewing gender as something natural or internal, Butler roots gender signs and actions suggesting gender is a performance and is acted.
• What are the three purposes to a news article?

  • To inform
  • To persuade
  • To entertain