DSA1

• Data Structure


  Specific way of organizing data in a specialized format on a computer so that the information can be organized, processed, stored, and retrieved quickly and effectively
• Every application, piece of software, or programs foundation consists of two components: algorithms and data
• Data


  Information optimized for processing and movement, facts and figures stored on computers
• Algorithms


  Rules and instructions that turn the data into something useful to programming
• Data Structures


  Related data + Permissible operations on the data

  
• Programs


  Data Structures + Algorithms
• Characteristics of data structure

  • Linear or Non-Linear
  • Static and Dynamic
  • Time Complexity
  • Space Complexity
• Linear Data Structures


  • Data elements are linked to one another in a sequential arrangement, with each element linked to the elements in front of and behind it
• Types of Linear Data Structures

  • Stack
  • Array
  • Queue
  • Linked list
• Stack


  Linear data structure that stores the data elements in the 'first-in/ last-out' or the 'last-in/ first out' order

  
• Queue


  Linear data structure that follows the FIFO (First In and First Out) order
• Array


  Collection of similar data types that are stored in the Contiguous Memory Locations
• Linked List


  Separate the data structures that are stored consecutively, with the last node of a data structure linked to the first node of the next data structure

  
• Types of Linked Lists

  • Single Linked List
  • Double Linked List
  • Circular Linked List
• Non-Linear Data Structures


  • Data elements are randomly arranged and connected to one or more elements
• Types of Non-Linear Data Structures

  • Tree Data Structure
  • Graph Data Structure

  
• Tree Data Structure


  Hierarchic data structure that does not store the data sequentially, with the top node known as the Root Node and each node containing data and branches known as children

  
• Basic operations of Tree Data Structure

  • Create
  • Insert
  • Search
  • Traversal (Preorder, Inorder, Postorder)

  
• Graph Data Structure


  One node is simply connected to the other node through the edge of the graph, without a root node
• Types of Graph Data Structures

  • Undirected Graph
  • Directed Graph
• Data types


  • Boolean
  • Integer
  • Floating-Point Numbers
  • Fixed-point numbers
  • Pointers
  • Character
  • String
• How are data structures used?

  • Storing Data
  • Setting of attributes and structures in database management system
  • Managing Resources and Services
  • Data Exchange
  • Ordering and Sorting
  • Indexing
  • Searching
  • Scalability
• Assignment


  • Singly linked-list
  • Doubly linked-list
  • Circular linked-list
  • Circular doubly linked-list
  • Header linked-list
• • Data – ‘one of the most powerful tools’

  • Data brings demands – organized and accessible

  • Data is information optimized for processing and movement, facts and figures stored on computers.