Society

• Marx:

  • ‘Equality of outcome’ – ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’ would abolish private ownership and remove all traces of Capitalism, leading to a classless society
  • Origins of inequality in private property
  • Individuals as the product of the society into which they were born
  • Social class the key determinant in an individual’s prospects, circumstances, and attitudes
• Marx:

  • State maintains the traditional class system, leading to the exploitation of the working class, and therefore it needs to be destroyed
  • Egalitarianism: need for comprehensive social justice to ensure the possibility of greater equality of outcome
• Luxemburg:

  • ‘Equality of outcome’
  • State maintains the traditional class system, leading to the exploitation of the working class, and therefore it needs to be destroyed
  • Social class the key determinant in an individual’s prospects, circumstances, and attitudes
  • Individuals as the product of the society into which they were born
  • Egalitarianism: need for comprehensive social justice to ensure the possibility of greater equality of outcome
• Webb:

  • ‘Equality of outcome’
  • Evolutionary progression of society: socialist government intervention would promote social justice and equality
  • Social class the key determinant in an individual’s prospects, circumstances, and attitudes
  • Individuals as the product of the society into which they were born
  • Egalitarianism: need for comprehensive social justice to ensure the possibility of greater equality of outcome
• Crosland:

  • Less emphasis on class
  • Social inclusion: removing obstacles that limit social justice/equality
  • People’s situations are not determined by class, but by social environment/circumstance
  • Acceleration of social mobility leading to a classless society
  • ‘Equality of opportunity’
• Giddens:

  • Social mobility has removed class from society and therefore the new society should focus on community responsibility, where communities are empowered to ensure high quality social environments
  • Social inclusion: removing obstacles that limit social justice/equality
  • People’s situations are not determined by class, but by social environment/circumstance
• Giddens:

  • Acceleration of social mobility leading to a classless society
  • Less emphasis on class
  • Accepts individualism but stresses that people live, work and thrive in a community- therefore they have both rights and responsibilities within a society
  • ‘Equality of opportunity’