Primary Socialisation

• Murray & Herrnstein

  • Some people are born predisposed to aggression and argumentativeness so are more likely to commit crime if not socialised into acceptable behaviours
  • Low IQ means that they cannot foresee the consequences of their actions
• Parsons

  • Men are suited to 'instrumental' roles that require competition, aggression, and achievement
  • Women are more suited for 'expressive' roles that emphasise care and emotions
  • Implies that men are better for paid employment and women for domesticity
• Simpson

  • Gay men 'degayed' in 'hetrospaces' and acted flamboyantly in 'homospaces', showing that norms depend on place
• Ghuman

  • British Asian parents have different values to white British parents
  • More emphasis on respect, humility, and loyalty
• Sharpe - longitudinal study

  • 1970s women valued marriage, love, and children
  • 1990s women prioritised careers, money, and travel
• Oakley - gender role construction

  • Role modelling - girls watch their mothers, boys watch their fathers
  • Manipulation and canalisation - steered towards gender identities through their interests and toys
• Gillies

  • Middle-class parents used a range of resources and positive sanctions to support their children's education
  • MC focused on social skills and education, WC focused on emotional strength and coping with injustice
• McRobbie & Garber

  • Young girls are socialised into a 'bedroom culture' whilst boys are encouraged to go outside
• Murray

  • Single parent families (90% mothers) are inadequate socialisers due to the lack of a strong father figure who can discipline them better
  • Underclass has a culture of crime and delinquency
• Feral children

  • Genie Wiley = confined to a small room without human interaction, couldn't walk or talk when found
  • Oxana Malaya = raised by dogs, barked and walked on all fours