M1-INORG

• Cytochrome oxidase

  Copper, iron
• Hemoglobin

  Iron (II)
• Methemoglobin

  Iron (III)
• Air

  • Inflammable air - hydrogen
  • Empyreal air, dephlogisticated air - oxygen
  • Mephitic air, phlogisticated air - nitrogen
• Formers (-gen)

  • Hydrogen - water former
  • Oxygen - acid former
  • Halogen - sea salt former
  • Nitrogen - niter former
  • Chalcogen - chalk former
• Eka

  • Eka silicon - germanium
  • Eka manganese - technetium
  • Eka aluminum - gallium
  • Eka cesium - francium
  • Eka boron - scandium
• Flame Test

  • Lithium - carmine red
  • Calcium - brick red
  • Strontium - crimson red
  • Sodium - yellow
  • Potassium - violet
  • Barium - green/ yellow green
  • Boron - green-bordered flame
• Vitriols

  • Blue vitriol - copper sulfate
  • Green vitriol - iron (II) sulfate
  • White vitriol - zinc sulfate
  • Oil of vitriol - sulfuric acid
• Mixtures

  • Soda lime - Ca(OH)2 + NaOH + KOH
  • Sulfurated potash - sulfur + potassium carbonate
  • White lotion - sulfurated potash + zinc sulfate
  • Calamine - zinc oxide + ferric oxide
  • Bordeaux mixture - calcium oxide + copper sulfate
  • Vleminckx solution - calcium oxide + sublimed sulfur
  • Aqua regia - nitric acid + hydrochloric acid (1:3)
  • Goulard's extract - lead (II) acetate + lead oxide
• Ores

  • Galena - lead
  • Pitchblende - polonium, radium
  • Cinnabar - mercury
  • Wolframite - tungsten
  • Pyrolusite - manganese
  • Hematite, pyrite - iron
  • Bauxite, cryolite - aluminum
• Container colors

  • Oxygen - green cylinder
  • Nitrogen - black cylinder
  • Hydrogen - red cylinder
  • Helium - brown cylinder
  • CO2 - gray cylinder
  • Nitrous oxide - blue cylinder
  • Magnesium hydroxide - blue container
• Solutions

  • Howe's solution - ammoniacal silver nitrate
  • Burrow's solution - aluminum acetate
  • Goulard's extract (lead subacetate) - lead (II) acetate + lead oxide
  • Donovan's solution - arsenic triiodide
  • Fowler's solution - potassium arsenite
• Abundant trace elements: 1st: iron, 2nd: zinc
• Catalysts in hydrogenation

  • Palladium
  • Platinum (alternative)
• Distinctions

  • Lightest element and gas - hydrogen
  • Lightest metal - lithium
  • Heaviest metal - osmium
  • Most toxic metal - beryllium
  • Most abundant element (Earth) - oxygen
  • Most abundant metal (Earth) - aluminum
  • Highest melting point - tungsten
• Types of water

  • Alkaline
  • Carbonated
  • Chalybeate
  • Lithia
  • Saline
  • Sulfur
  • Siliceous
• Hardness of water

  • Caused by presence of cations
  • 120ppm separates hard and soft water
  • Temporary - due to bicarbonates, removed by boiling
  • Permanent - due to sulfates, chlorides, and hydroxides, removed by ion exchange
• Physiologic buffer systems

  • Phosphate buffer - in cells and urine
  • Bicarbonate buffer - in blood (regulates blood pH)
• Buffer names

  • Feldman's
  • Palitszch
  • Atkins and Pantin
  • Gifford's
  • Sorensen
• Feldman's buffer


  Composition: boric acid, NaCl, sodium borate, water

  pH range: 7 - 8.2
• Palitszch buffer


  Composition: isotonic

  pH range: 7 - 9
• Atkins and Pantin buffer


  Composition: boric acid, NaCl, sodium carbonate, water

  pH range: 7.6 - 11
• Gifford's buffer


  Composition: hypertonic, boric acid, KCl, Na2CO3, water

  pH range: 5 - 9
• Sorensen buffer


  Composition: sodium phosphates, NaCl

  pH range: 6 - 8
• Common activator ions

  • Iron
  • Copper
  • Zinc
  • Magnesium
  • Manganese
  • Potassium
  • Nickel
  • Molybdenum
  • Selenium
• Iron


  Enzymes co-factored: catalase, cytochrome oxidase
• Copper


  Enzymes co-factored: cytochrome oxidase
• Zinc


  Enzymes co-factored: carbonic anhydrase, alcohol dehydrogenase
• Magnesium


  Enzymes co-factored: hexokinase, G-6-Phosphatase, pyruvate kinase
• Manganese


  Enzymes co-factored: arginase
• Potassium


  Enzymes co-factored: pyruvate kinase
• Nickel


  Enzymes co-factored: urease