Peace & Conflict

• What is peacemaking?

  The action of trying to establish peace
• What is conflict resolution?

  Creating peace between two parties that have been at war or in a despute with each other.
• What is the criteria of the just war theory?(6 conditions)

  - innocent civilians should not be killed/harmed

  - a country should only go to war if there is a reasonable chance of success

  - any use of weapons has to be limited to only what is needed to bring about a lasting peace.

  - war should only be a last resort if all other methods have been tried and failed.

  - Only a legitimate leader/authority such as a king can declare war

  - a country should not go to war without a serious reason such as a broken treaty or self defence
• What are the reasons that the church is against weapons of mass destruction?(WMDs)

  • it creates fear as countries with weaker economies feel they have to protect themselves
  • the cost of researching, building and maintaning nuclear weapons takes a huge amount of money (the money could be spent elsewhere)
  • the effects are disproportionate (the initial effects & the escalation that will follow)
  • it is an indiscriminate way of killing
  • innocents die, long term impacts & effects on future generations
  • Pope Benedict XVI "no victors only victims'
  • the possibility of success is small
• Name two catholic organisations working for peace:

  • Pax Christi
  • Justice peace commission
• What a nuclear war?

  
  

  A war that uses nuclear weapons: weapons that work by creating a nuclear reaction in order to devastate huge areas and kill large numbers eg. Tsar bomba
• What is the definition of torture?

  Any act by which severe pain and suffering whether physical or mental is intentionally inflicted on a person by a public official
• What is radicalisation?

  
  

  Adopting extreme views on religious, social or political issues. It has the potential to lead to terrorism.
• What is a Christian martyr?

  
  

  A person who is ready to suffer violence or death for refusing to give up on their faith. Martyrs are highly valued by the catholic church.
• What is a holy war?

  
  

  A war approved by a religious authority such as the Pope.
• What is Pacifism?

  
  

  The belief of people who refuse to take part in war and any other form of violence.
• What is justice?

  
  

  Bringing about what is right and fair according to the law,

  
  

  or making up for a wrong that has been committed.
• What is forgiveness?

  
  

  Pardoning someone from something they have done wrong.
• What is reconciliation?

  
  

  The restoring of harmony after a relationship has broken down.

  
  

  Also a sacrament in the catholic church.
• What is righteous anger?

  
  

  Anger against injustice, some Christians use the term to describe anger that is acceptable.
• Terrorism

  
  

  When an individual, or group of people who share certain beliefs use terror as part of a campaign to further their cause
• Non violence resistance

  
  

  Resisting a goverment without using violence, for example through peaceful protest or non-cooperation.
• Churchs' view on torture

  The church rejects torture because it includes phyisical and moral violence and goes against the sanctity of life.
• Church's view on radicalisation

  The church urges people to reject radicalisation because it increases tension in the world

  
  

  (Some Catholics believe we should tackle inequality and ensure no one feels rejected through means such as education.)
• The church's views on marytrdom:

  Christian martys are valued highly by the catholic church (Matthew 26:14)

  
  

  but it does not accept that suicide bombers that die in the name of their religion are martyrs.
• What is pope Francis' view on reconciliation?


  He calls for reconciliation since without it there can be no peace and without peace, people live in insecurity.

  
  

  He also wants respect between religions.
• What is the christian view on righteous anger?


  Although Jesus taught anger to be avoided, sometimes anger can be channeled into positive action to improve a situation (righteous anger). Jesus displayed this in the temple.
• What are some christian pacifist views?

  - war/violence can cause mass destruction

  - war/violence goes against the sanctity of life.

  - Jesus taught for peace in Matthew 5:9 and Matthew 5:39
• What are some opposing views to pacifism?


  - force is necessary in certain disputes

  - sometimes it won't work in order to remove a bigger evil

  
  

  - invites attack from other countries- some argue a country's duty is to protect its people.

  - no productivity of weapons-no defence from attack
• What is a consientious objector?

  
  

  | Def and example

  Conscientious objectors is a person who does not use violence, they object it because of their conscience.

  
  

  E.g Desmond Doss
• What are Two Catholic agencies that help victims of war:

  • Cafod
  • Aid to the Church in need
• What do Cafod do to help victims of war?

  - Set up orpahanages and rehabilitation programmes to help children who have been forced to become child soldiers get back to a normal way of life.

  - they also help refugees who are in camps

  - thet reach remote areas
• What does Aid to the Church in need do to help victims of war?

  They provide

  
  

  - shelter,

  - blankets

  - medicine

  - food

  
  

  inside and outside Syria.
• What are two practical things Pope Francis has done to try and bring peaceful solutions to conflict:

  - In 2014 Pope Francis brought together the leaders of Israel and Palestine for a meeting of prayer using Jewish, Muslim and Christian prayers. He hoped to bring the leaders into a position that might lead to change.

  - in the Popes weekly address to the crowd in Vatican Square he often brings people to he attention of conflicts and asks them to pray for peace.
• What are the three main consequences of morden warfair?

  • civilian casualties
  • refugees
  • enviromental damage
• Catholic views on terrorism:

  The catholic church opposes any form of the use of terror in any situation.

  
  

  Because of Romans 12:19

  
  

  -it also goes against the sanctity of life
• Other views on terrorism:

  Some people belive the Jewish Maccabees used terror attacks to defeat their Gentile(non-Jewish) enemy.(Some would argue without their work Judaism would not have survived)
• What does WMD stand for?

  Weapons of mass destruction.
• What is a just war?

  
  

  A war that Christians feel necessary in the circumstances. When all other solutions have been tried and failed.
• What is James message for Christians today in James 3:8-10


  James shows that even if you are not physically hurting someone, bullying can be a very destructive form of violence
• What does pax christi do?


  Works to establish peace based on respect, justice and reconciliation.
• What does the justice peace commission do?


  campaigns for removal of nuclear weapons from the world. It tries to remove war by removing the cause of war.
• What is the Pope's view of justice and righteous anger?


  "Building a just society where each person gets their due. It is essential that every generation must keep doing this"
• Which family managed to forgive their son's killer?


  Antony Walker's family
• Who was unable to forgive the killer of her daughter?


  Rev Julie Nicholson