Asian Nationalism (southeast Asia)

Cards (5)

  • Brunei
    • British protectorate in 1888 until a British resident was granted the power of administration in 1906
    • Significance revived with start of petroleum production in 1929
    • Taken over by Imperial Japanese power during World War II
    • Gained independence on January 1, 1984 and established as an Islamic sultanate
  • Cambodia
    • Placed under protectorate status of French colony in 1864
    • Became part of the French Indochina union
    • Cambodian nationalism sparked with leadership of King Norodom Sihanouk
    • Declared independence on November 9, 1953 after French forces retreated
  • Indonesia
    • Portugal began establishing alliance with local leaders and strengthening military conquest to rule the land in 1600s
    • Dutch began colonizing the islands in the early 1700s
    • Indonesian nationalism awakened when Dutch Ethical Policy was mandated
    • Announced independence on 17 August 1945 after almost 350 years of Dutch rule
  • Philippines
    • Three hundred years of Spanish rule made Filipinos crave for independence
    • First president Emilio Aguinalco waved the flag of the Philippines marking first intention of sovereignty
    • Annexed under the United States, promised to grant full independence
    • Fell under Japanese occupation during World War II, regained control with US forces
    • Attained independence on 4 July, 1948 but celebrates Independence Day on 12th of June
  • Timor-Leste (East Timor)

    • Invaded by Portugal in 1520, followed by Spain in 1522
    • Invaded by Indonesia in 1975 after visit from US President and Secretary of State
    • Remained under Indonesian control for 25 years with conflict between guerilla organizations and military
    • Gained independence in 2002 after referendum in 1999