UNIT 5 Motivation

• Motivation


  The internal or external factors that drive and energize individuals to take action, pursue goals, and strive for achievement
• Factors that can influence motivation

  • Personal values
  • Interests
  • Rewards
  • Recognition
  • Social connections
  • Anticipation of positive outcomes
• Motivation


  • It provides individuals with the determination and perseverance needed to overcome obstacles, maintain focus, and put in the necessary effort to reach their desired outcomes
  • It can fluctuate depending on various factors and circumstances
• Intrinsic motivation


  Engaging in an activity for the inherent satisfaction, enjoyment, or personal interest it provides
• Intrinsic motivation


  • It is driven by internal factors rather than external rewards
  • It arises from within an individual and involves engaging in activities because they are inherently fulfilling, enjoyable, or meaningful to the person
• Intrinsic motivation


  • Enjoyment
  • Interest and curiosity
  • Sense of competence and mastery
  • Autonomy and self-determination
  • Personal growth and self-actualization
• Extrinsic motivation


  Engaging in an activity or behavior primarily driven by external factors or rewards rather than inherent interest or satisfaction
• Extrinsic motivation


  • External rewards
  • Social approval
  • Competition
  • External pressure or obligation
• Individuals can experience a combination of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and the degree of extrinsic motivation can vary among individuals and situations
• The ideal approach is to foster intrinsic motivation while utilizing appropriate extrinsic motivators when necessary
• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs


  A psychological theory that describes the different levels of human needs and their hierarchical relationship

  
• Levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

  • Physiological needs
  • Safety needs
  • Love and belongingness needs
  • Esteem needs
  • Self-actualization needs

  
• Educational implications of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

  • For effective learning to occur, educators must ensure that students' lower-level needs are met first before addressing higher-level needs
  • Creating a safe, supportive, and nurturing learning environment is crucial
  • Promoting a sense of belonging, fostering positive relationships, recognizing students' achievements, and providing opportunities for personal growth and self-expression can help address higher-level needs and facilitate self-actualization
• Keller's ARCS Model of Motivation

  A model of motivational design developed by John M. Keller
• Self-actualization


  Fulfilling one's full potential, personal growth, and self-fulfillment
• Self-actualization


  • Pursuing meaningful goals
  • Engaging in creative activities
  • Experiencing personal fulfillment
• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs


  For effective learning to occur, educators must ensure that students' lower-level needs are met first before addressing higher-level needs
• Implications of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in education

  • Creating a safe, supportive, and nurturing learning environment
  • Promoting a sense of belonging
  • Fostering positive relationships
  • Recognizing students' achievements
  • Providing opportunities for personal growth and self-expression
• Keller's ARCS Model of Motivation


  A widely recognized model used in instructional design to enhance learner motivation and engagement
• Components of the ARCS Model

  • Attention
  • Relevance
  • Confidence
  • Satisfaction
• Attention


  1. Perceptual arousal

  2. Inquiry arousal
• Techniques to grab learners' attention


  • Active participation
  • Use of humor
  • Conflict
  • Variety
  • Real world examples
• Relevance


  • Link to previous experience
  • Perceived present worth
  • Perceived future usefulness
  • Modeling
  • Choice
• Confidence


  • Facilitate self-growth
  • Communicate objectives and prerequisites
  • Provide feedback
  • Give learners control
• Satisfaction


  • Praise or rewards
  • Immediate application
• The ARCS Model aims to create motivating and engaging learning experiences that address learners' attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction
• These theories highlight the importance of creating supportive learning environments, fostering intrinsic motivation, promoting autonomy, setting meaningful goals, providing feedback and support, and addressing students' basic psychological needs
• By applying these theories in educational settings, teachers can design instruction and activities that enhance students' motivation, engagement, and learning outcomes