ASEPSIS

• It is the absence of microorganisms and freedom from disease

  Asepsis
• Two Basic types of Asepsis

  • Medical Asepsis
  • Surgical Asepsis
• known as the clean technique and its practices are intended to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area

  medical asepsis
• Surgical Asepsis

  • Sterile Technique
  • Practices that keep an area or objects free from all microorganisms
  • Practices that destroy all microorganisms and spores
  • Used for all procedures involving the sterile areas of the body
• INFECTION The growth of microorganisms in body tissue where they are not normally found
• Sepsis

  ⎯ Condition in which acute organ dysfunction occurs secondary to infection
• Pathogenicity

  ⎯ Ability to produce disease
• Colonization

  ⎯ Process by which strains of microorganism become resident flora
• Three kinds of Infection

  1. Asymptomatic or subclinical
  2. Acute Infection
  3. Chronic infection
• Two kinds of infection origins

  1. Health Care-associated infections
  2. Nosocomial Infections
• • Asymptomatic or subclinical
  • no clinical evidence of the disease
• Acute Infection

  Generally, appear suddenly or lasts a short time
• Chronic infection

  occurs slowly, over a long period of time (may last months or years)
• Health Care-associated infections

  • Infections that originate in any health care settings
• Nosocomial Infections

  • Infections that originate in the hospital
• Three Sources of Nosocomial Infections

  1. Endogenous
  2. Exogenous
  3. Latrogenic
• Endogenous

  microorganism that originates from the client’s body themselves
• Exogenous

  from hospital environment and personnel
• Latrogenic

  diseases that are caused by medical treatment, procedures, or interventions
• 6 CHAINS OF INFECTION

  1. Etiologic Agents/Infectious Agent
  2. Reservoir/Carrier
  3. Portal of Exit
  4. Mode of Transmission
  5. Portal of entry
  6. Susceptible Host
• Etiologic Agents

  This is the microorganism that causes disease
• Reservoir

  • Aka carrier, a specific infectious agent that usually does not manifest any clinical signs
• Examples of Reservoir o Human o Plants

  o Animals

  o Normal-flora

  o Environment
• Portal of Exit

  site where the microorganism leaves the reservoir
• Mode-of-Transmission

  • movement or transfer of microorganism from reservoir to host
• Two Types of Mode of Transmission

  1. Direct Transmission
  2. Indirect Transmission
• Two Types of Direct Transmission

  1. Droplet precautions
  2. Contact precautions
• 3 types of Indirect Transmission

  1. Vehicle-borne Transmission
  2. Formites
  3. Airborne
• • Direct Transmission
  • Immediate and direct transfer of microorganism from person to person
• Indirect Transmission

  • refers to the spread of infectious agents through intermediate sources
• • Droplet Precautions
  • occur only if source and the host are within 1 meter apart
• • Contact Precautions
  • Transmission via direct contact with the patient or environment
• A vehicle

  is any substance that transports and introduces an infectious agent into a susceptible host through a suitable portal of entry
• • Fomites
  • inanimate materials
• Airborne Transmission

  May involve droplets or dust
• Portal of entry

  • the site through which the microorganism enter the susceptible host and cause disease with infection
• Susceptible Host

  • any person who are at risk of infection
• Compromised Host

  A person at increased risk
• Susceptibility

  • The degree to which individual can be affected this is the likelihood of an organism causing an infection in that person
• 3 Ways of Breaking the chain of infection

  1. Hand Hygiene
  2. Disinfecting and Sterilizing
  3. Infection and Prevention Control