tle lesson 2

• The ancient Egyptian used yeast to make bread. Then bread making began in ancient Greece in 600 BC, after a while they invented enclosed ovens. Then Rome's were getting involved into evolution of baking, then the whole world got to experience baking.
• Ovens

  • Deck ovens
  • Mechanical oven
  • Convection oven
• Deck ovens


  • Items to be baked are placed directly on the bottom, or deck of oven
  • Also called stack oven because several may be stacked on top of one another
  • Breads are baked directly on the floor of the oven and not in pans
  • Equipped with steam ejector
• Mechanical oven


  • The food is in motion while it bakes
  • Most common types are a revolving oven
  • Especially used in high volume operations
  • Can also be equipped with steam ejector
• Convection oven


  • Contains fans that circulate the air and distribute the heat rapidly throughout the interior
  • Strong forced air can distort the shape of the products made with batter and soft dough
• Rack oven


  A large oven into which entire racks full of sheet pans can be wheeled for baking
• Dutch oven


  • A thick-walled (usually cast iron) cooking pot with a tight-fitting lid
  • Have been used as cooking vessels for hundreds of years
  • Called "casserole dishes" in English speaking countries other than the USA, and cocottes in French
  • Similar to both the Japanese tetsunabe and the Sač, a traditional Balkan cast-iron oven, and are related to the South African Potjie and the Australian Bedourie oven
• Oven brands

  • La Germania
  • Technogas
• Oven is a major equipment use in baking. The basic skill that a baker must learn is that he/she must know the parts of the oven as well as on how to operate it.
• Baking wares are made of glass or metal containers for batter and dough with various sizes and shapes.
• Cake pans comes in different sizes and shapes and may be round square rectangular or heart shaped.
• pop over pan is used for cooking pop over
• Muffin pan has 12 formed cups for baking muffins and cup cakes
• Jelly roll pan is shallow rectangular pan used for baking rolls
• Bundt pan is a round pan with scalloped sides used for baking elegant and special cakes
• Custard cup is made of porcelain or glass used for baking individual custard
• Griddle pans are used to bake griddles
• Loaf Pan is used to bake loaf bread
• Tube center pan deeper than a round pan and with a hollow center, it is removable which is used to bake chiffon type cake
• Biscuit and doughnut cutter is used to cut and shape biscuit or doughnut.
• Cutting tools include a knife and chopping board that are used to cut glazed fruit, nuts, or other ingredients in baking.
• Electric mixer is used for different baking procedure for beating, stirring and blending.
• Flour sifter is used for sifting flour.
• Grater is used to grate cheese, chocolate, and other fresh fruits.
• Kitchen shears are used to slice rolls and delicate cakes.
• Measuring spoons consist of a set of measuring spoons used to measure small quantities of ingredients.
• Mixing bowl comes in graduated sizes and has sloping sides used for mixing ingredients.
• Mortar and Pestle is used to pound or ground ingredients.
• Paring knife is used to pare or cut fruits and vegetables into different sizes.
• Pastry bag a funnel shaped container of icing or whipped cream
• Pastry blender has a handle and with wire which I used to cut fat or shortening in the preparation of pies, biscuits or doughnuts.
• Pastry brush is used in greasing pans or surface of pastries and breads.
• Pastry tip is a pointed metal or plastic tube connected to the opening of the pastry and is used to form desired designs.
• Pastry wheel has a blade knife used to cut dough when making pastries.
• Rotary egg beater is used in beating eggs or whipping cream.
• Rolling pin is used to flatten or roll the dough
• Rubber scrapper is used to remove bits of food in side of the bowl.
• Strainer is used to strain or sift dry ingredients.
• Timer is used to in timing baked products, the rising of yeast and to check the doneness of cakes.
• Spatula comes in different sizes; small spatula are used to remove muffins and molded cookies from pans which is 5 to 6 inches; large spatula for icing or frosting cakes; flexible blade is used for various purposes.