POLITICAL SELF

• Digital Self


  A mask we put on to draw in the innovative world. With the digital technologies such as web pages, online games, virtual worlds, social media, smart phones, Internet, self-extension is extensive.
• Objects that extend the self


  Objects one possesses can truly extend the self, as when an instrument or weapon enables us to get things done of which we would somehow or another be unable. Belonging can likewise emblematically extend self.
• Sartre: 'The reason we want to have something is to enlarge our sense of self and that the only way we can know who we are is by observing what we have.'
• Belk's Summary of Digital Modification of the Extended Self

  • Digital dimension
  • Self Possession
  • Dematerialization
  • Re-embodiment
  • Sharing
  • Co-construction of self
  • Distributed memory
• Self-presentation


  Behavior that attempts to convey some information about oneself or some image of oneself to other people
• Self-presentation behaviors are activated by the evaluative presence of other people and by others' knowledge of one's behavior</b>
• Humans are social animals and regulate our behavior to fit in world or adjust it to impression that we desire. People monitor their behavior, observe how others react and adjust their performance to create a desired impression.
• Two Types of Self-Presentation

  • Pleasing the audience - which try to match self to the audience's expectations and preferences
  • Self-construction - tries to match oneself to one's own ideal self
• Multiple aspects of the Self (Higgins 1987)

  • Actual self - the attributes and individual possess
  • Ideal self - the attributes an individual would ideally possess
  • Ought self - the attributes and individual ought to possess
• The discrepancies between the actual self and ideal self leads to feelings of dejection
• Our sense of self helps organize our thoughts, feelings and behaviors. Our overall self-evaluation influences our cognitive processes.
• When people with high self-evaluation fail, they sustain their self-worth by looking at others failure.
• Computer-mediated communication (CMC)


  Human communication involving several exchanges through various platforms such as text, audio, and/or video messages
• CMC interaction occurs through various types of networking technology and software, including: email, Internet Relay Chat (IRC), instant messaging (IM), Usenet and mailing list servers
• Technology can work two ways – open or close social choices. Individuals shape the impact of technology has on their lives by choosing which technology to use and how to use it.
• The line between offline and online self has become blurred. Since people nowadays are becoming more connected digitally, self-identity is becoming more fashioned in transmedia paradigm.
• In the present culture of constant connectivity, the Internet is coordinated into our lives with the end goal that the experience of being on the web is subjectively not quite the same as before.
• Political Self


  The art or science concerned with winning and holding control over a government. The art or science of concerned with guiding or influencing governmental policy.
• Citizenship


  The most basic identification with the nation and as such, oriented towards the state and its expression in law a policy. Was frequently described in terms of attributes associated with belonging to a larger community and process by which citizens negotiate the nature and extent of rights as individuals and their obligation to community
• Three Major Concerns in Building an Identity

  • Instrumental - An individual act in accordance with rules and identities consistent with supportive of democratic processes
  • Morals - Values and beliefs embody and reinforce democratic principles
  • Transformative - Includes process of self-reflection and redefinition of individuals, institutions and communities
• Democracy


  The process of fundamentally, a way of life, a means of relating with other individuals, groups and the state, and collective process of decision-making in order to attain political liberty, social justice, and equality.
• The awareness and understanding of self and community are both the foundation of democratic practice and result of it.
• Citizenship, by convention, is the most basic identification with the nation and as such, is oriented towards the state and its expression in law and policy.
• Aspects in Developing Filipino Identity

  • Individual attitudes and traits
  • Institutional factors
  • Macro factors at the level of societal level
• Filipino perspectives on Democracy and Citizenship

  • Micro-order (Family, Peers, Schools, Local church)
  • Macro-order (Economic systems, Political systems, Cultural systems)
• Growing Up Experiences in the Philippines


  • Growing up in a Traditional Oral Community
  • Growing Up in Two Transitional Communities
  • Growing Up in a Muslim Filipino Community
  • Growing Up in Four Marginal Philippine Communities of the Christian Majority
  • Growing Up in an Urban Poor Community
  • Growing Up in a Developmental Community
• Barriers and Bridges of Democratic Culture

  • Poverty
  • Corruption
  • Patrimonialism
  • Personalism
  • Inequality
• Democratic agenda


  • Improve the political and social environment and reduce poverty through structural reforms in order to foster a sense of community and enable citizens to exercise their rights and fulfill their obligations
  • Continually re-examine societal institutions responsible for value formation so that they can inculcate, rather than indoctrinate, democratic citizenship values
  • Incorporate cross-cultural activities in public and private sector programs, including those of schools, churches, NGOs and POs, so as to recognize ethnolinguistic and cultural diversity in the country and encourage the sharing of experiences
  • Further promote the use of Filipino and Philippine languages in all transactions so as to enable the articulation of citizenship and democratic views and values
  • Continue to harness institutional as well as informal mechanisms that open up space for the exercise of citizenship and democracy
• Goal


  The object of a person's ambition or effort. Short term goal - to accomplish soon. Long term goal - to do further in the future.
• SMART


  • Specific - who, what, where, when, why, which
  • Measurable - from and to (how much, how many, how will I know when my goal is accomplished?)
  • Attainable - how (is the goal reasonable enough to be accomplished? How so?)
  • Relevant - worthwhile (is each goal consistent with other goals you have established and fits with you immediate and long-term plans?)
  • Timely - when (I will complete this step by month/ day/ year.)
• Self-Efficacy


  The belief in your own ability to succeed in achieving a goal. Having high self-efficacy helps you get your thought, feelings, and emotions under control. It is the ability to influence events that affect your life.
• Albert Bandura (Dec 4 1925) is one of the most renowned psychologists who has made significant contributions to all branches of psychology.
• Measurable


  From and to (how much, how many, how will I know when my goal is accomplished?)
• Attainable


  How (is the goal reasonable enough to be accomplished? How so?)
• Relevant


  Worthwhile (is each goal consistent with other goals you have established and fits with you immediate and long-term plans?)
• Timely


  When (I will complete this step by month/ day/ year.)
• Social Learning Theory


  Theory proposed by Albert Bandura
• Albert Bandura (Dec 4 1925), one of the most renowned psychologists. He has made significant contributions to all branches of psychology.
• Bandura was the youngest of six children.
• Self-Efficacy Theory


  Part of Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory (or Social Learning Theory) which is a fundamental to positive psychology