America

• Causes of the boom

  - rising income

  - backlog demand

  - expectation of higher prices

  - more credit

  - war
• Who didn't benefit from the boom?

  - Farmers and agriculture worker

  - New immigrants

  - African Americans

  -workers in old industries
• How and why did farmers suffer from the boom ?

  -New machinery meant that they produced to much food, northern farmer lost their farms.

  - Fordney cumber Tarif in 1922 (Imports are more expensive)

  -War ended and republican policies damaged international trade

  -machinery was bought on credit

  - Women on the farm has no freedom
• How and Why did workers in the old industries suffer from the boom ?

  - Old industries were being modernised in 1920 so less demand for workers

  - Oil and electricity were being used more then coal

  -New machinery was introduced which produced good quicker

  - Workers became unemployed

  - more people had access to electricity
• How and Why did African Americans suffer from the boom ?

  - Factories refused to employ them

  - Many lost their jobs in the countryside and had to move to northern cities.

  -Racism (Fear of new immigrants)
• How and why did new migrants suffer form the boom ?

  - Immigrants had just arrived after the war

  - not accepted by society (discrimination)

  - Housing conditions for new immigrants were poor

  - people refused to rent due to the suspicious of their different language

  - Poor health care and would just take any jobs offered

  -Paid less than American citizen

  -minimum wage
• Divided society for farmers

  - Farmers couldn't keep up with mortgage and lost there and land and farms and homes.

  -Between 1920-1930 the number of farms declined
• Divided society for New immigrants

  - Many immigrants worked construction where wages only rose to 4%

  -Unemployment was high during the 1920
• Divided society for African Americans

  -25% of African Americans moved from south to the north in search for a better life

  - had to face Jim Crow laws in south
• Divided society for Old industry workers

  - miner wage dropped due to decrease in demand for coal

  - many worked as sharecroppers
• Culture in 1920


  - Rise of jazz

  - 1917 rise of racists violence in the south so musicians moved to the north

  - Radio broadcast

  - Jazz takes off - play on radio

  - Played in bars (prohibition - illegal bars)

  -1920 knowns as jazz age

  - Charleston dance
• Women in 1920


  - Women couldn't vote and were denied access to high paid jobs

  -Flapper could only be fond in northern cities (Short skirts, smoking, short hair)

  - The change in women appearance lead to a change in manufacturing --> Boom
• Prohibition

  - 18th amendment introduced in January 1920, this made manufacturing, transport and sale of alcohol illegal

  -1920 Volstead act: The law introduced punishment for those making or selling alcohol

  - Supporters of prohibition were called dries
• Prohibition Agents


  - Government lost 11 million in tax and had to pay an extra 300 million to reinforce prohibition

  -High cost meant there was only 3,000 prohibition agents wo were badly paid
• Al capone


  A mob king in Chicago who controlled a large network of speakeasies with enormous profits. His illegal activities convey the failure of prohibition in the twenties and the problems with gangs.
• Sacco and Vanzetti

  In 1920 these two men were convicted of murder and robbery. They were found guilty and died in the electric chair unfairly due to there ethnicity and immigration status
• African Americans


  - Jim Crow laws: Laws in southern states which made public areas segregated legal

  - lynching: African Americans attacked for punishment or without a reason

  -Segregation: Policy of keeping different races separate

  -75% of AA lived in the south and in between 1916 and 1940 around 1.6 AA moved north and settled in cities
• Civil Rights movement

  -Civil rights group established themselves in 1920s.

  -Political movement
• KKK

  - Founded in Tenesse in 1866

  -Aim to terrorise black people

  - Belief: Promote well-being of WASPs and intimate non WASPs

  - After 1925 klan members rapidly declined
• Wall Street Crash


  - 1928 Herbert Hoover was elected as president

  - Promised the Americans a "chicken in every pot"

  - Wall Street crash: American sock market crashed on October 24th 1929

  -29th October panic buying
• Impacts of the Wall Street crash


  - Stock market lost 90% of nits value by 1932

  -millions lost jobs and unemployed rose by 25%

  -he crash's repercussions reverberated worldwide, causing a 60% decline in global trade by 1932 and widespread bank failures and currency devaluations.
• The new deal

  The name of President Roosevelt's program for getting the United States out of the depression in 1933
• Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)


  Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)-This body was set up by the 1933 Agricultural Adjustment Act. Its aim was to end overproduction and falling prices in farming. Farmers were paid to destroy some crops and livestock to force up prices. Farmers earned around one and a half times as much in 1936 as they had in 1933.
• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)


  Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)-Men aged 18 to 25 were offered work on environmental projects such as planting trees. Around 3 million men were given work by this agency.
• Emergency Banking Act

  1933 Emergency Banking Act- All banks were closed for four days. The government supported around 5,000 banks and promised people they would not lose all of their money if the banks failed again. They would get at least $2,500 of their savings back.
• Culture in the 1930


  - Jazz remained popular

  - Radio continues to be main way to listen to music

  -Cinema popolar liseuse activity

  -prohibiton ended

  - jazz bars legal

  -Films in colour (Wizard of oz)