HEALTH & SOCIAL

• Physical factors- things that affect a person's body and how it functions

  2 inherited conditions:

  • Sickle cell disease - person produces unusual shapes of red blood vessels which can cause an infection
  • Cystic fibrosis - causes a build up of mucus in the lungs, can cause a person to wheeze and cough often

  2 types of ill health:

  • type 2 diabetes - caused by obesity, increases the risks of developing a heart disease or having a stroke
  • cardiovascular disease- affects the heart or blood vessels, causes chest pains because of restricted blood flow to the heart

  Mental health- the wellbeing of PIES
• Lifestyle factors- the choices a person makes everyday

  Benefits of regular exercise-

  • strengthens muscles, keeps you active, keeps you healthy weight, produces serotonin which makes you happier

  Effects of drug intake-

  • smoking- causes lung cancer and coronary heart disease
  • drinking- higher risk of disease, risk of cancer in major organs
  • substance misuse- reduces fertility, damages liver
• Social factors- the relationship you have with the people around you

  2 effects of an unsupportive relationship-

  • feeling unloved
  • decreased self esteem and self image

  Physical effects of bullying-

  • injuries from physical abuse
  • self harm as a way to cope with bullying
• Cultural factors- the people around you e.g. your religion, gender expectations, gender identity, sexual orientation

  • religion- some religious beliefs may impact a person's unease about accepting some healthcare interventions so the condition is left untreated: language barrier, discrimination - anxiety
  • gender roles influence attitudes to life style- gender pay gap, a person may feel uncomfortable being treated by opposite sex
  • identity- how they express their self- can be questioned by others causing mental ill health, being reluctant to receiving help because of discrimination
• Environmental factors- where a person lives

  2 physical effects of pollution-

  • lung damage
  • respiratory conditions

  2 emotional effects of abuse-

  • being scared and stressed leading to anxiety
  • feeling unloved, lower self esteem
• Economic factors- How money has an impact on you

  • more money means a better life style, less meaning worse

  Not having money

  • living in polluted areas
  • being unable to afford healthy food

  Money

  • living in well-kept areas
  • eating healthily

  Affected by job status- employed, unemployed, redundant, retired
• Expected life events- events that are expected to happen in the future

  • going to school
  • starting a job
  • parenting

  Unexpected life events- events that are are not expected to happen

  • accidents (injury)
  • divorce
  • bereavement (grief)
• Heart rate- the number of times the heart beats in one minute.

  • Athlete - 40 - 60 bpm, average - 60 - 100 bpm, babies - 70 - 190
  • measuring heart beats can determine if it is abnormal and the risks that come with it (220 minus the person's age is their maximum heart beat, 50 to 70 % of that is their healthy pulse rate)
  • Short term risks- being light headed, shortness of breaths, dizzy
  • Long term risks- increased risk of (cardiovascular) disease, heart failure
• Blood pressure- the force of the blood in your arteries

  • determines if your BP is too high or low and the health risks of it
  • ideal: between 90/60 and 120/80 mmHg , Pre-high is 120/80 to 140/90 , High is 120/80 and 140/90 or above , low is 90/60 or under (only one number (systolic or diastolic) needs to be higher/lower to be abnormal)

  Long term risk (hypertension)

  • heart disease- heart has to work harder to pump blood to body
  • kidney disease- arteries will weaken so not enough blood can get to the tissues of kidneys

  risk (hypotension)

  • dizziness, healthy heart
• BMI- Body Mass Index is a measure of body fat based on height and weight

  • indicates weight and health risks of being unhealthy
  • underweight is 18.5 or less, healthy is 18.5 - 24.9, overweight is 25 - 29.9, obese is 30 - 39.9, morbidly obese over 40
  • Problems with BMI: doesn't consider gender, age, or muscle mass

  Overweight- reduced mobility, shortness of breaths (Long term) cardiovascular disease

  Underweight- weak, tiredness, headaches (Long term) slowed growth, period stops
• Person centred approach- focuses on the individual and their needs, not the illness

  • Needs- relate to the treatment, prevention and control of a disease, effected by PIES
  • Wishes- preferences and choices (e.g. culture, goals)
  • Circumstances- situations of how people live by impacting their health (e.g. age, where they live/conditions)

  Benefits of using a person centred approach- client feels more comfortable, gained independence, confidence, fewer complaints
• Formal support- support by health and social care professionals who are paid and trained

  • e.g. GP, doctor, nurse, dentist, optician

  Informal support- support by nonprofessionals, they aren't paid or trained

  • e.g. parents, friends, sister, brother, neighbour
• Barriers

  • Geographical- e.g. a service is hard to get to due to poor trains or bus services, recommend: arranging hospital transports
  • Financial- e.g. taking time off work for appointment (meaning less pay) recommend: check for entitlement for free treatments
  • Psychological- e.g. avoiding care because of a stigma around health, recommend: reassure them
  • Physical- e.g. no wheelchair access, no parking near, recommend: be aware of accessible services and request being dropped off
  • Resources- staff shortages (longer waits for appointment), recommend: look for alternative ways to better health
• Obstacles

  • Emotional- e.g. having a low self concept, no motivation to better health and an acceptance of poor current health
  • Time constraints- e.g. a lack of time due to work and studying, commitments and family responsibilities (as a parent)
  • Available resources- e.g. lack of finance, equipment and opportunities
  • Unachievable targets- e.g. targets that are too ambitious, unrealistic timescales, target isn't broken down into smaller steps
  • Lack of support- e.g. no informal support from family and friends, lack of formal support: no access to health care services
• Question 16

  SMART targets

  S- be specific

  M- be measurable

  A-. make it achievable

  R- relevant, can it be done

  T- time, give a deadline